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Qatar (2008)

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Qatar 2008 year

 Qatar
Administrative divisions 10 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Sa'id, Umm Salal
Age structure 0-14 years: 23.1% (male 106,853/female 102,713)


15-64 years: 72.9% (male 455,631/female 206,099)


65 years and over: 4% (male 26,689/female 9,244) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish
Airports 5 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


over 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Area total: 11,437 sq km


land: 11,437 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background Ruled by the al-Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the Amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. His son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani, overthrew him in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.
Birth rate 15.56 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues: $23.5 billion


expenditures: $19.61 billion (2007 est.)
Capital name: Doha


geographic coordinates: 25 17 N, 51 32 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Coastline 563 km
Constitution ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the Amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
Country name conventional long form: State of Qatar


conventional short form: Qatar


local long form: Dawlat Qatar


local short form: Qatar


note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Death rate 4.82 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $31.07 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); charge d'Affaires Michael A. RATNEY


embassy: Al-Luqta District, 22 February Road, Doha


mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha


telephone: [974] 488 4298


FAX: [974] 488 4176
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Ali Fahad al-Shahwany al-HAJRID


chancery: 2555 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037


telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600 and 274-1603


FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061


consulate(s) general: Houston
Disputes - international none
Economic aid - recipient $2.18 million (2004)
Economy - overview Qatar is in the midst of an economic boom supported by its expanding production of natural gas and oil. Economic policy is focused on development of Qatar's nonassociated natural gas reserves and increasing private and foreign investment in non-energy sectors. Oil and gas account for more than 60% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar one of the world's faster growing and higher per-capita income countries - equal to the EU in 2007 per-capita income. Sustained high oil prices and increased natural gas exports in recent years have helped build Qatar's budget and trade surpluses and foreign reserves. Proved oil reserves of more than 15 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 22 years. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas are roughly 25 trillion cubic meters, about 15% of the world total and third largest in the world. Qatar has permitted substantial foreign investment in the development of its gas fields during the last decade and became the world's top liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter in 2007.
Electricity - consumption 12.52 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 13.54 billion kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Environment - current issues limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Arab 40%, Indian 18%, Pakistani 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Exchange rates Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2007), 3.64 (2006), 3.64 (2005), 3.64 (2004), 3.64 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as heir apparent, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad al-Thani, in a bloodless coup); Heir Apparent TAMIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, fourth son of the monarch (selected Heir Apparent by the monarch on 5 August 2003); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of Minister of Defense and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces


head of government: Prime Minister HAMAD bin Jasim bin Jabir al-Thani (since 3 April 2007); Deputy Prime Minister Abdallah bin Hamad al-ATIYAH (since 3 April 2007)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary


note: in April 2007, Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC), which has limited consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services; the first election for the CMC was held in March 1999
Exports 0 kWh (2005)
Exports $33.28 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports 25.99 billion cu m (2005 est.)
Exports 960,600 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel
Exports - partners Japan 40.2%, South Korea 16.4%, Singapore 6.5%, Thailand 4.1% (2006)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 0.1%


industry: 73.5%


services: 26.4% (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 7.8% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates 25 30 N, 51 15 E
Geography - note strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
Heliports 1 (2007)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports 0 kWh (2005)
Imports $15.32 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports 0 cu m (2005)
Imports 0 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners France 13.3%, Japan 10.2%, US 9.3%, Italy 8.9%, Germany 7.9%, UK 6.2%, Saudi Arabia 5.7%, South Korea 4.7% (2006)
Independence 3 September 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 8% (2007 est.)
Industries crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair
Infant mortality rate total: 17.46 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 20.6 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 14.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 12% (2007 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land 130 sq km (2002)
Judicial branch Courts of First Instance, Appeal, and Cassation; an Administrative Court and a Constitutional Court were established in 2007; note - all judges are appointed by Amiri Decree based on the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council for renewable three-year terms
Labor force 638,000 (2007 est.)
Land boundaries total: 60 km


border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Land use arable land: 1.64%


permanent crops: 0.27%


other: 98.09% (2005)
Languages Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Legal system based on Islamic and civil law codes; discretionary system of law controlled by the Amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)


note: no legislative elections have been held since 1970 when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every year since the new constitution came into force on 9 June 2005; the constitution provides for a new 45-member Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura; the public would elect two-thirds of the Majlis al-Shura; the Amir would appoint the remaining members; preparations are underway to conduct elections to the Majlis al-Shura
Life expectancy at birth total population: 74.14 years


male: 71.6 years


female: 76.82 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 89%


male: 89.1%


female: 88.6% (2004 census)
Location Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Map references Middle East
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line
Merchant marine total: 20 ships (1000 GRT or over) 574,969 GRT/856,057 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 2, chemical tanker 2, container 8, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 1


foreign-owned: 7 (Kuwait 7)


registered in other countries: 3 (Liberia 2, Panama 1) (2007)
Military branches Qatari Amiri Land Force (QALF), Qatari Amiri Navy (QAN), Qatari Amiri Air Force (QAAF) (2007)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 10% (2005 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 3 September (1971); also observed is National Day, 18 December
Nationality noun: Qatari(s)


adjective: Qatari
Natural hazards haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, fish
Net migration rate 13.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines condensate 322 km; condensate/gas 209 km; gas 1,970 km; liquid petroleum gas 87 km; oil 741 km (2007)
Political parties and leaders none
Political pressure groups and leaders none
Population 907,229 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA%
Population growth rate 2.386% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Religions Muslim 77.5%, Christian 8.5%, other 14% (2004 census)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 2.211 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 2.887 male(s)/female


total population: 1.852 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modern system centered in Doha


domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density is roughly 130 telephones per 100 persons


international: country code - 974; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Telephones - main lines in use 228,300 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 919,800 (2006)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus 3 repeaters) (2001)
Terrain mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Total fertility rate 2.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 0.7% (2007 est.)
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