Kanada (2005)
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Kanada 2005 roku
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Kanada 2005 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory* |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 17.9% (male 3,016,032/female 2,869,244)
15-64 years: 68.9% (male 11,357,425/female 11,244,356) 65 years and over: 13.2% (male 1,842,496/female 2,475,488) (2005 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish |
| Lotniska | 1,326 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 503
over 3,047 m: 18 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15 1,524 to 2,437 m: 150 914 to 1,523 m: 245 under 914 m: 75 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 823
1,524 to 2,437 m: 67 914 to 1,523 m: 347 under 914 m: 409 (2004 est.) |
| Terytorium | total: 9,984,670 sq km
land: 9,093,507 sq km water: 891,163 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | somewhat larger than the US |
| Tlo historyczne | A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Kanada became a self-governing dominion w 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has developed w parallel z the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. Kanada's paramount political problem is meeting public demands dla quality improvements w health care and education services after a decade of budget cuts. The issue of reconciling Quebec's francophone heritage z the majority anglophone Canadian population has moved to the back burner w recent years; support dla separatism abated after the Quebec government's referendum on independence failed to pass w pazdziernik of 1995. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 10.84 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $151 billion
expenditures: $144 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) |
| Stolica | Ottawa |
| Klimat | varies from temperate w south to subarctic and arctic w north |
| Linia brzegowa | 202,080 km |
| Konstytucja | made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Konstytucja Act of 29 marzec 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Konstytucja Act of 17 kwiecien 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Kanada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures dla constitutional amendments |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Kanada |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 7.73 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $570 billion (2004) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador David H. WILKINS
embassy: 490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8 mailing address: P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburgh, NY 13669-0430 telephone: [1] (613) 238-5335, 4470 FAX: [1] (613) 688-3082 consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Francis Joseph MCKENNA
chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001 telephone: [1] (202) 682-1740 FAX: [1] (202) 682-7726 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, Phoenix, San Diego, and Seattle consulate(s): Anchorage, Houston, Philadelphia, Princeton, Raleigh, San Francisco, and San Jose |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | managed maritime boundary disputes z the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; working toward greater cooperation z US w monitoring people and commodities crossing the border; uncontested sovereignty dispute z Dania over Hans Island w the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Grenlandia |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - udzielanie | ODA, $2 billion (2004) |
| Ekonomia | As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, newly entered w the trillion dollar class, Kanada closely resembles the US w its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since Swiat War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Kanada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Meksyk) touched off a dramatic increase w trade and economic integration z the US. Given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Kanada enjoys solid economic prospects. Solid fiscal management has produced a long-term budget surplus which is substantially reducing the national debt, although public debate continues over how to manage the rising cost of the publicly funded healthcare system. Eksport account dla roughly a third of Produkt krajowy brutto. Kanada enjoys a substantial trade surplus z its principal trading partner, the Stany Zjednoczone, which absorbs more than 85% of Canadian exports. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 487.3 billion kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 36.13 billion kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 13 billion kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 548.9 billion kWh (2002) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Ocean Atlantycki 0 m
highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation |
| Grupy etniczne | British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26% |
| Kurs waluty | Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.301 (2004), 1.4011 (2003), 1.5693 (2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 luty 1952), represented by Governor General Michaelle Jean (since 27 pazdziernik 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 grudzien 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN (since 12 grudzien 2003) cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting w Parliament elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister dla a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition w the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general |
| Eksport | 36.13 billion kWh (2002) |
| Eksport | $315.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
| Eksport | 91.52 billion cu m (2003 est.) |
| Eksport | 1.37 million bbl/day (2004) |
| Eksport - towary | motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum |
| Eksport - partnerzy | US 85.2%, Japonia 2.1%, UK 1.6% (2004) |
| Rok podatkowy | 1 kwiecien - 31 marzec |
| Opis flagi | two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width), z white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered w the white square; the official colors of Kanada are red and white |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 2.3%
industry: 26.4% services: 71.3% (2004 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $31,500 (2004 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 2.4% (2004 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 60 00 N, 95 00 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | second-largest country w world (after Rosja); strategic location between Rosja and US via north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 319 (2004) |
| Autostrady | total: 1,408,800 km
paved: 497,306 km (including 16,900 km of expressways) unpaved: 911,494 km (2002) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 23.8% (1994) |
| Narkotyki | illicit producer of cannabis dla the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point dla heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector |
| Import | 13 billion kWh (2002) |
| Import | $256.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
| Import | 8.73 billion cu m (2003 est.) |
| Import | 987,000 bbl/day (2004) |
| Import - towary | machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods |
| Import - partnerzy | US 58.9%, Chiny 6.8%, Meksyk 3.8% (2004) |
| Niepodleglosc | 1 lipiec 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 grudzien 1931 (independence recognized) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 2% (2004 est.) |
| Przemysl | transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 4.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
| Inflacja | 1.9% (2004 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ACCT, AfDB, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMOVIC, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC |
| Nawadniane tereny | 7,200 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court of Kanada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Kanada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice) |
| Sila robocza | 17.37 million (2004) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture 3%, manufacturing 15%, construction 5%, services 74%, other 3% (2000) |
| Granica | total: 8,893 km
border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km z Alaska) |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 4.96%
permanent crops: 0.02% other: 95.02% (2001) |
| Jezyki | English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5% |
| System prawny | based on English common law, except w Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, z reservations |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (members appointed by the governor general z the advice of the prime minister and serve until reaching 75 years of age; its normal limit is 105 senators) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (308 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve dla up to five-year terms)
elections: House of Commons - last held 28 czerwiec 2004 (next to be held by NA 2009) election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Liberal Party 36.7%, Conservative Party 29.6%, New Democratic Party 15.7%, Bloc Quebecois 12.4%, Greens 4.3%, independents 0.4%, other 0.9%; seats by party - Liberal Party 134, Conservative Party 99, Bloc Quebecois 54, New Democratic Party 19, independent 2 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 80.1 years
male: 76.73 years female: 83.63 years (2005 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97% (1986 est.) male: NA% female: NA% |
| Lokalizacja | Northern North America, bordering the North Ocean Atlantycki on the east, North Ocean Spokojny on the west, and the Ocean Arktyczny on the north, north of the conterminous US |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | North America |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin |
| Flota handlowa | total: 169 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,784,229 GRT/2,657,499 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 22, cargo 49, chemical tanker 6, combination ore/oil 1, container 1, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 65, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 6 foreign-owned: 6 (Francja 1, Niemcy 3, Stany Zjednoczone 2) registered w other countries: 112 (2005) |
| Wojsko | Canadian Armed Forces: Land Forces Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Kanada Command (homeland security) to be operational w early 2006 (2005) |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $9,801.7 million (2003) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 1.1% (2003) |
| Swieto narodowe | Kanada Day, 1 lipiec (1867) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Canadian(s)
adjective: Canadian |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | continuous permafrost w north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains |
| Surowce naturalne | iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 5.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Rurociagi | crude and refined oil 23,564 km; liquid petroleum gas 74,980 km (2003) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Kanada (a merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party) [Stephen HARPER]; Green Party [Jim HARRIS]; Liberal Party [Paul MARTIN]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | NA |
| Ludnosc | 32,805,041 (lipiec 2005 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | NA |
| Przyrost naturalny | 0.9% (2005 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Fraser River Port, Goderich, Montreal, Port Cartier, Quebec, Saint John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Vancouver |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 245, FM 582, shortwave 6 (2004) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 48,683 km
standard gauge: 48,683 km 1.435-m gauge (2004) |
| Religie | Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16% (2001 census) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: excellent service provided by modern technology
domestic: domestic satellite system z about 300 earth stations international: country code - 1-xxx; 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Ocean Atlantycki and 1 Ocean Spokojny) and 2 Intersputnik (Ocean Atlantycki region) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 19,950,900 (2003) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 13,221,800 (2003) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 80 (plus many repeaters) (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly plains z mountains w west and lowlands w southeast |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 1.61 children born/woman (2005 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 7% (2004) |
| Drogi wodne | 631 km
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared z Stany Zjednoczone (2003) |
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