Johnston Atoll (2007)

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Johnston Atoll 2007 year


Airports	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 2.63 sq km land: 2.63 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. Johnston Island and Sand Island were designated wildlife refuges in 1926. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934, and subsequently the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s, and until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction is now complete. Cleanup and closure of the facility ended in May 2005.
Climate	tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	34 km
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Johnston Atoll
Dependency status	unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Honolulu, HI, by Pacific Air Forces, Hickam Air Force Base, and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system
Disputes - international	none
Economy - overview	no economic activity
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Summit Peak 5 m
Environment - current issues	no natural fresh water resources
Flag description	the flag of the US is used
Geographic coordinates	16 45 N, 169 31 W
Geography - note	strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; a former US nuclear weapons test site; site of now-closed Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS); most facilities dismantled and cleanup complete in 2004; some low-growing vegetation
Irrigated land	0 sq km
Land boundaries	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Legal system	the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Location	Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 717 nm (1328 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands
Map references	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US
Natural hazards	NA
Natural resources	guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Population	uninhabited note: in previous years, there was an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel present; as of September 2001, population had decreased significantly when US Army Chemical Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed; as of May 2005 all US government personnel had left the island
Terrain	mostly flat

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