Johnston Atoll (2002)

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Johnston Atoll 2002 year


Airports	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 2.8 sq km land: 2.8 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934, and subsequently the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s, and until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction is now complete. Cleanup and closure of the facility is progressing, with completion anticipated in 2004.
Climate	tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	34 km
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Johnston Atoll
Dependency status	unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Honolulu, HI, by Pacific Air Forces, Hickam AFB, and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system
Disputes - international	none
Economy - overview	Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
Electricity - consumption	approximately 5,500 kWh weekly
Electricity - production	approximately 850,000 kWh weekly; note - there are six 25,000 kWh generators operated by the base operating support contractor (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Summit Peak 5 m
Environment - current issues	no natural fresh water resources
Flag description	the flag of the US is used
Geographic coordinates	16 45 N, 169 31 W
Geography - note	strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; former US nuclear weapons test site; site of Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS); some lowgrowing vegetation
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 256 KB circuit to DoD-run Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET) (2002)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Legal system	the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Location	Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 717 NM (1328 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands
Map references	Oceania
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US
Natural hazards	NA
Natural resources	guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: in previous years, there was an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel present; as of September 2001, population had decreased significantly when US Army Chemical Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed; as of January 2003 the island population was just above 800 personnel, including US Air Force, DoD civilian, and civilian contractor personnel (January 2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Johnston Island
Radio broadcast stations	AM NA, FM 7 (1 island-run morale, welfare, and recreation station and 6 all-music digital radio stations broadcast over FM band), shortwave NA (2002)
Telephone system	general assessment: 33 commercial lines, 15 incoming and 18 outgoing; adequate telecommunications domestic: 60-channel submarine cable (broken in January 2002), 24 DSN circuits by satellite, Automated Digital Network (AUTODIN) with standard remote terminal, digital telephone switch, Military Affiliated Radio System (MARS) station (scheduled for decommissioning March 2003), UHF/VHF air-ground radio, a link to the Pacific Consolidated Telecommunications Network (PCTN) satellite international: NA (2002)
Television broadcast stations	commercial satellite television system, with 30 channels (2002)
Terrain	mostly flat
Waterways	none

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