Jamajka (2004)
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Jamajka 2004 roku
 | Jamajka (2001) (porownaj) |
 | Jamajka (2002) (porownaj) |
 | Jamajka (2003) (porownaj) |
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Jamajka 2004 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland
note: dla local government purposes, Kingston and Saint Andrew were amalgamated w 1923 into the present single corporate body known as the Kingston and Saint Andrew Corporation |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 28.2% (male 390,966; female 372,961)
15-64 years: 65% (male 883,053; female 880,296) 65 years and over: 6.9% (male 82,788; female 103,066) (2004 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, vegetables, poultry, goats, milk, crustaceans, and mollusks |
| Lotniska | 35 (2003 est.) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 24
914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.) |
| Terytorium | total: 10,991 sq km
land: 10,831 sq km water: 160 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than Connecticut |
| Tlo historyczne | Jamajka gained full independence within the British Commonwealth w 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence and a drop off w tourism. Elections w 1980 saw the democratic socialists voted out of office. Political violence marred elections during the 1990s. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 16.94 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $2.596 billion
expenditures: $3.111 billion, including capital expenditures of $236 million (2003 est.) |
| Stolica | Kingston |
| Klimat | tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior |
| Linia brzegowa | 1,022 km |
| Konstytucja | 6 sierpien 1962 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jamajka |
| Waluta | Jamajkan dollar (JMD) |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 5.4 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $4.962 billion (2003 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Sue McCourt COBB
embassy: Jamajka Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston 5 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [1] (876) 929-4850 through 4859 FAX: [1] (876) 935-6001 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Gordon SHIRLEY
chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 452-0660 FAX: [1] (202) 452-0081 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | none |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $16 million (2003) |
| Ekonomia | The Jamajkan economy is heavily dependent on services, which now account dla 70% of Produkt krajowy brutto. The country continues to derive most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. The global economic slowdown, particularly after the terrorist attacks w the US on 11 wrzesien 2001, stunted economic growth; the economy rebounded moderately w 2003, z one of the best tourist seasons on record. But the economy faces serious long-term problems: high interest rates; increased foreign competition; a pressured, sometimes sliding, exchange rate; a sizable merchandise trade deficit; large-scale unemployment; and a growing internal debt, the result of government bailouts to ailing sectors of the economy. The ratio of debt to Produkt krajowy brutto is close to 150%. Inflation, previously a bright spot, is expected to remain w the double digits. Depressed economic conditions have led to increased civil unrest, including gang violence fueled by the drug trade. In 2004, the government faces the difficult prospect of having to achieve fiscal discipline w order to maintain debt payments while simultaneously attacking a serious and growing crime problem that is hampering economic growth. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 5.833 billion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 6.272 billion kWh (2001) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution w Kingston results from vehicle emissions |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | black 90.9%, East Indien 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%, mixed 7.3%, other 0.1% |
| Kurs waluty | Jamajkan dollars per US dollar - 57.7409 (2003), 48.4159 (2002), 45.9962 (2001), 42.7011 (2000), 39.0435 (1999) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 luty 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard Felix COOKE (since 1 sierpien 1991)
head of government: Prime Minister Percival James PATTERSON (since 30 marzec 1992) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition w the House of Representatives is appointed prime minister by the governor general; the deputy prime minister is recommended by the prime minister |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Eksport | $1.355 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Eksport | NA (2001) |
| Eksport - towary | alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum, coffee, yams, beverages, chemicals, wearing apparel, mineral fuels |
| Eksport - partnerzy | US 29.6%, UK 11%, Kanada 10.8%, Francja 7.9%, Norwegia 6.8%, Niemcy 6.2%, Chiny 6%, Holandia 4.4% (2003) |
| Rok podatkowy | 1 kwiecien - 31 marzec |
| Opis flagi | diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto | purchasing power parity - $10.61 billion (2003 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 6.7%
industry: 37.2% services: 56.2% (2003 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $3,900 (2003 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 1.9% (2003 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 18 15 N, 77 30 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamajka Channel, the main sea lanes dla the Panama Canal |
| Autostrady | total: 18,700 km
paved: 13,109 km unpaved: 5,591 km (1999 est.) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 30.3% (2000) |
| Narkotyki | major transshipment point dla cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Kolumbian narcotics traffickers favor Jamajka dla illicit financial transactions |
| Import | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Import | $3.265 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Import | NA (2001) |
| Import - towary | food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials |
| Import - partnerzy | US 39.8%, Trynidad i Tobago 9.7%, Niemcy 5.6%, Wenezuela 4.5%, Francja 4.5%, Japonia 4.2% (2003) |
| Niepodleglosc | 6 sierpien 1962 (from UK) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | -2% (2000 est.) |
| Przemysl | tourism, bauxite/alumina, textiles, agro processing, wearing apparel, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 12.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
| Inflacja | 10.3% (2003 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 250 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal |
| Sila robocza | 1.13 million (2003) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture 21%, industry 19%, services 60% (1998) |
| Granica | 0 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 16.07%
permanent crops: 10.16% other: 73.77% (2001) |
| Jezyki | English, patois English |
| System prawny | based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight seats) and the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 16 pazdziernik 2002 (next to be held w pazdziernik 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 52%, JLP 47.3%; seats by party - PNP 34, JLP 26 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 76.07 years
male: 74.04 years female: 78.21 years (2004 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 87.9% male: 84.1% female: 91.6% (2003 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Caribbean, island w the Caribbean Sea, south of Kuba |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Morskie obszary | measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin |
| Flota handlowa | total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 74,881 GRT/100,682 DWT
by type: bulk 2, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, short-sea/passenger 1 foreign-owned: Grecja 2, Islandia 1, Lotwa 1, Stany Zjednoczone 2 (2004 est.) |
| Wojsko | Jamajka Defense Force: Ground Forces, Coast Guard, Air Wing |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $31 million (2003) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 0.4% (2003) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym) | males age 15-49: 764,266 (2004 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej) | males age 15-49: 533,768 (2004 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (osoby osiagajace wiek poborowy w ciagu roku) | males: 27,126 (2004 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, first Monday w sierpien (1962) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Jamajkan(s)
adjective: Jamajkan |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | hurricanes (especially lipiec to listopad) |
| Surowce naturalne | bauxite, gypsum, limestone |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | -4.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Jamajka Labor Party or JLP [Edward SEAGA]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Hyacinth BENNETT]; People's National Party or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists) |
| Ludnosc | 2,713,130 (lipiec 2004 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 19.7% (2002 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 0.66% (2004 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Rocky Point, Port Esquivel (Longswharf) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 10, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 272 km
standard gauge: 272 km 1.435-m gauge note: 207 of these km belonging to the Jamajka Railway Corporation had been w common carrier service until 1992 but are no longer operational; 57 km of the remaining track is privately owned and used by ALCAN to transport bauxite (2003) |
| Religie | Protestant 61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Baptist 8.8%, Anglican 5.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Methodist 2.7%, United Church 2.7%, Brethren 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%, Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other including some spiritual cults 34.7% |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: fully automatic domestic telephone network
domestic: NA international: country code - 1-876; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki); 3 coaxial submarine cables |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 444,400 (2002) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 1.4 million (2002) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 7 (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly mountains, z narrow, discontinuous coastal plain |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 1.98 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 15.9% (2003 est.) |
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