Islandia (2008)
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Islandia 2008 roku
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 | Islandia (2002) (porownaj) |
 | Islandia (2003) (porownaj) |
 | Islandia (2004) (porownaj) |
 | Islandia (2005) (porownaj) |
 | Islandia (2006) (porownaj) |
 | Islandia (2007) (porownaj) |
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Islandia 2008 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 8 regions; Austurland, Hofudhborgarsvaedhi, Nordhurland Eystra, Nordhurland Vestra, Sudhurland, Sudhurnes, Vestfirdhir, Vesturland |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 21.4% (male 32,759/female 31,845)
15-64 years: 66.8% (male 102,161/female 99,411) 65 years and over: 11.8% (male 16,162/female 19,593) (2007 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | potatoes, green vegetables; mutton, dairy products; fish |
| Lotniska | 99 (2007) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 5
over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 94
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 28 under 914 m: 63 (2007) |
| Terytorium | total: 103,000 sq km
land: 100,250 sq km water: 2,750 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than Kentucky |
| Tlo historyczne | Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Islandia boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established w 930. Independent dla over 300 years, Islandia was subsequently ruled by Norwegia and Dania. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Islandiaic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Kanada and the US. Limited home rule from Dania was granted w 1874 and complete independence attained w 1944. Pismienni, longevity, income, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 13.57 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $9.495 billion
expenditures: $8.432 billion (2007 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Reykjavik
geographic coordinates: 64 09 N, 21 57 W time difference: UTC (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Klimat | temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers |
| Linia brzegowa | 4,970 km |
| Konstytucja | 16 czerwiec 1944, effective 17 czerwiec 1944; amended many times |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Islandia
conventional short form: Islandia local long form: Lydveldid Island local short form: Island |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 6.77 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $3.073 billion (2002) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Carol VAN VOORST
embassy: Laufasvegur 21, 101 Reykjavik mailing address: US Department of State, 5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640 telephone: [354] 562-9100 FAX: [354] 562-9118 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Albert JONSSON
chancery: Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1704 telephone: [1] (202) 265-6653 FAX: [1] (202) 265-6656 consulate(s) general: New York |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Islandia, the UK, and Irlandia dispute Dania's claim that the Wyspy Owcze' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - udzielanie | $6.7 million (2004) |
| Ekonomia | Islandia's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, yet z an extensive welfare system (including generous housing subsidies), low unemployment, and remarkably even distribution of income. In the absence of other natural resources (except dla abundant geothermal power), the economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides nearly 70% of export earnings and employs 6% of the work force. The economy remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to fluctuations w world prices dla its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Substantial foreign investment w the aluminum and hydropower sectors has boosted economic growth which, nevertheless, has been volatile and characterized by recurrent imbalances. Government policies include reducing the current account deficit, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, and diversifying the economy. The government remains opposed to EU membership, primarily because of Islandiaers' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Islandia's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries w the last decade, and new developments w software production, biotechnology, and financial services are taking place. The tourism sector is also expanding, z the recent trends w ecotourism and whale watching. The 2006 closure of the US military base at Keflavik had very little impact on the national economy; Islandia's low unemployment rate aided former base employees w finding alternate employment. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 8.152 billion kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 8.533 billion kWh (2005) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Ocean Atlantycki 0 m
highest point: Hvannadalshnukur 2,110 m (at Vatnajokull glacier) |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation |
| Grupy etniczne | homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%, population of foreign origin 6% |
| Kurs waluty | Islandiaic kronur per US dollar - 63.391 (2007), 70.195 (2006), 62.982 (2005), 70.192 (2004), 76.709 (2003) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 sierpien 1996)
head of government: Prime Minister Geir H. HAARDE (since 7 czerwiec 2006) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister elections: president, largely a ceremonial post, is elected by popular vote dla a four-year term (no term limits); election last held 26 czerwiec 2004 (next to be held w czerwiec 2008); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister election results: Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON 85.6%, Baldur AGUSTSSON 12.5%, Astthor MAGNUSSON 1.9% |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Eksport | $4.569 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
| Eksport | 0 cu m (2005 est.) |
| Eksport | 0 bbl/day (2004) |
| Eksport - towary | fish and fish products 70%, aluminum, animal products, ferrosilicon, diatomite |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Holandia 16.5%, UK 15.7%, Niemcy 15%, US 10.8%, Hiszpania 6.4% (2006) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | blue z a red cross outlined w white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side w the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 5.3%
industry: 26.3% services: 68.4% (2007 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 1.8% (2007 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 65 00 N, 18 00 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | strategic location between Grenlandia and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital w the world; more land covered by glaciers than w all of continental Europe |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Import | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Import | $5.777 billion (2007 est.) |
| Import | 0 cu m (2005) |
| Import | 17,450 bbl/day (2004) |
| Import - towary | machinery and equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles |
| Import - partnerzy | US 12.8%, Niemcy 12.3%, Norwegia 7.1%, Szwecja 6.9%, Dania 6.1%, UK 5.3%, Chiny 5.3%, Holandia 4.8%, Japonia 4.1% (2006) |
| Niepodleglosc | 1 grudzien 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 czerwiec 1944 (from Dania) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 9% (2007 est.) |
| Przemysl | fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production; geothermal power, tourism |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 3.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.41 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflacja | 4.9% (2007 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | NA |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed dla life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices are appointed dla life by the Minister of Justice) |
| Sila robocza | 180,000 (2007 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 5.1%
industry: 23% services: 71.4% (2005) |
| Granica | 0 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 0.07%
permanent crops: 0% other: 99.93% (2005) |
| Jezyki | Islandiaic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken |
| System prawny | civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 12 maj 2007 (next to be held by maj 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - Niepodleglosc Party 36.6%, Social Democratic Alliance 26.8%, Progressive Party 11.7%, Left-Green Movement 14.3%, Liberal Party 7.3%, other 3.3%; seats by party - Niepodleglosc Party 25, Social Democratic Alliance 18, Progressive Party 7, Left-Green Alliance 9, Liberal Party 4 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 80.43 years
male: 78.33 years female: 82.62 years (2007 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Northern Europe, island between the Grenlandia Sea and the North Ocean Atlantycki, northwest of the UK |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Arctic Region |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin |
| Flota handlowa | total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 4,704 GRT/729 DWT
by type: passenger/cargo 2 registered w other countries: 41 (Antigua i Barbuda 9, Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Wyspy Owcze 4, Gibraltar 1, Malta 7, Norwegia 3, St Vincent and The Grenadines 15) (2007) |
| Wojsko - uwagi | under a 1951 bilateral agreement, Islandia's defense was provided by a US-manned Islandiaic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered w Keflavik; w pazdziernik 2006, all US military forces w Islandia were withdrawn; nonetheless, the US and Islandia signed a Joint Understanding to strengthen their bilateral defense relationship, including regular security consultations, military communications w the event of national emergencies, annual bilateral exercises on Islandiaic territory, and future bilateral and NATO support to four Islandia Air Defense System (IADS) radar sites |
| Wojsko | no regular military forces; Islandiaic National Police (2006) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 0% (2005 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 17 czerwiec (1944) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Islandiaer(s)
adjective: Islandiaic |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | earthquakes and volcanic activity |
| Surowce naturalne | fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 1.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Niepodleglosc Party or IP [Geir H. HAARDE]; Left-Green Movement or LGM [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Gudjon KRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Gudni AGUSTSSON]; Social Democratic Alliance or SDA [Ingibjorg Solrun GISLADOTTIR] (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List) |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | NA |
| Ludnosc | 301,931 (lipiec 2007 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | NA% |
| Przyrost naturalny | 0.824% (2007 est.) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 3, FM about 70 (including repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998) |
| Religie | Lutheran Church of Islandia 85.5%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.1%, Roman Catholic Church 2%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 1.5%, other Christian 2.7%, other or unspecified 3.8%, unaffiliated 2.4% (2004) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.029 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.028 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.825 male(s)/female total population: 1.002 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is modern and fully digitized, z satellite-earth stations, fiber-optic cables, and an extensive broadband network
domestic: liberalization of the telecommunications sector beginning w the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially w the mobile services segment of the market international: country code - 354; the CANTAT-3 and FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Kanada, the Wyspy Owcze, UK, Dania, and Niemcy; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Kanada, US, and Irlandia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Ocean Indyjski regions); note - Islandia shares the Inmarsat earth station z the other Nordic countries (Dania, Finlandia, Norwegia, and Szwecja) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 193,700 (2006) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 328,500 (2006) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 14 (plus 156 repeaters) (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly plateau interspersed z mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 1.91 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 1% (2007 est.) |
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