Islandia (2002)

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Islandia 2002 roku


Podzial administracyjny	23 counties (syslur, singular - sysla) and 14 independent towns* (kaupstadhir, singular - kaupstadhur); Akranes, Akureyri, Arnessysla, Austur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Austur-Hunavatnssysla, Austur-Skaftafellssysla, Borgarfjardharsysla, Dalasysla, Eyjafjardharsysla, Gullbringusysla, Hafnarfjordhur, Husavik, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Kjosarsysla, Kopavogur, Myrasysla, Neskaupstadhur, Nordhur-Isafjardharsysla, Nordhur-Mulasys-la, Nordhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Olafsfjordhur, Rangarvallasysla, Reykjavik, Saudharkrokur, Seydhisfjordhur, Siglufjordhur, Skagafjardharsysla, Snaefellsnes-og Hnappadalssysla, Strandasysla, Sudhur-Mulasysla, Sudhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Vesttmannaeyjar, Vestur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Vestur-Hunavatnssysla, Vestur-Isafjardharsysla, Vestur-Skaftafellssysla note: there may be four other counties
Struktura wiekowa	0-14 years: 23% (male 33,189; female 31,155) 15-64 years: 65.1% (male 91,704; female 90,199) 65 years and over: 11.9% (male 14,828; female 18,309) (2002 est.)
Rolinictwo	potatoes, turnips; cattle, sheep; fish
Lotniska	86 (2001)
Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami	total: 13 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 8 (2002)
Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami	total: 73 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 21 under 914 m: 49 (2002)
Terytorium	total: 103,000 sq km land: 100,250 sq km water: 2,750 sq km
Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci	slightly smaller than Kentucky
Tlo historyczne	Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Islandia boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established w 930. Independent dla over 300 years, Islandia was subsequently ruled by Norwegia and Dania. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Islandiaic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Kanada and the US. Limited home rule from Dania was granted w 1874 and complete independence attained w 1944. Pismienni, longevity, income, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards.
Wspolczynnik narodzin	14.37 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budzet	revenues: $3.5 billion expenditures: $3.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $467 million (1999)
Stolica	Reykjavik
Klimat	temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers
Linia brzegowa	4,988 km
Konstytucja	16 czerwiec 1944, effective 17 czerwiec 1944
Nazwa panstwa	conventional long form: Republic of Islandia conventional short form: Islandia local long form: Lydhveldidh Island local short form: Island
Waluta	Islandiaic krona (ISK)
Wspolczynnik zgonow	6.93 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne	$2.6 billion (1999)
Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA	chief of mission: Ambassador James I. GADSDEN embassy: Laufasvegur 21, 101 Reykjavik mailing address: US Embassy, PSC 1003, Box 40, FPO AE 09728-0340 telephone: [354] 5629100 FAX: [354] 5629139
Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA	chief of mission: Ambassador Helgi AGUSTSSON chancery: Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1704 telephone: [1] (202) 265-6653 FAX: [1] (202) 265-6656 consulate(s) general: New York
Miedzynarodowe dyskusje	Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Dania, Islandia, and the UK (Irlandia and the UK have signed a boundary agreement w the Rockall area); dispute z Dania over the Wyspy Owcze' fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes z Dania, the UK, and Irlandia over the Wyspy Owcze continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM
Ekonomiczna pomoc - udzielanie	$NA
Ekonomia	Islandia's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, yet z an extensive welfare system, low unemployment, and remarkably even distribution of income. In the absence of other natural resources (except dla abundant hydrothermal and geothermal power), the economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, providing 70% of export earnings and employing 12% of the work force. The economy remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to drops w world prices dla its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. The center-right government plans to continue its policies of reducing the budget and current account deficits, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, diversifying the economy, and privatizing state-owned industries. The government remains opposed to EU membership, primarily because of Islandiaers' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Islandia's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries w the last decade, and new developments w software production, biotechnology, and financial services are taking place. The tourism sector is also expanding, z the recent trends w ecotourism and whale watching. Consumption, investment, and exports should recover moderately w 2003.
Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja	7.02 billion kWh (2000)
Elektrycznosc - eksport	0 kWh (2000)
Elektrycznosc - import	0 kWh (2000)
Elektrycznosc - produkcja	7.549 billion kWh (2000)
Elektrycznosc - zrodla energii	fossil fuel: 0% hydro: 83% nuclear: 0% other: 17% (2000)
Skrajne punkty wysokosci	lowest point: Ocean Atlantycki 0 m highest point: Hvannadalshnukur 2,119 m
Srodowisko - obecne problemy	water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment
Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy	party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation
Grupy etniczne	homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%, population of foreign origin 6%
Kurs waluty	Islandiaic kronur per US dollar - 102.430 (styczen 2002), 97.425 (2001), 78.616 (2000), 72.335 (1999), 70.958 (1998), 70.904 (1997)
Wladza wykonawcza	chief of state: President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 sierpien 1996) head of government: Prime Minister David ODDSSON (since 30 kwiecien 1991) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament elections: president, which is largely a ceremonial post, elected by popular vote dla a four-year term; election last held 29 czerwiec 1996 (next to be held NA czerwiec 2004); President GRIMSSON ran unopposed w czerwiec 2000 so there were no elections; prime minister appointed by the president election results: Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON ran unopposed w 2000 and was reelected
Eksport	0 kWh (2000)
Eksport	$2 billion f.o.b. (2002)
Eksport - towary	fish and fish products 70%, animal products, aluminum, diatomite, ferrosilicon
Eksport - partnerzy	UK 18.2%, Niemcy 14.9%, Holandia 10.9, US 10.3%, Portugalia 5.5%, Hiszpania 5.4%, Norwegia 5.3% (2001)
Rok podatkowy	rok kalendarzowy
Opis flagi	blue z a red cross outlined w white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side w the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Produkt krajowy brutto	purchasing power parity - $7.7 billion (2002 est.)
Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu	agriculture: 14% (includes fishing 12%) industry: 21% services: 65% (2001 est.)
Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita	purchasing power parity - $27,100 (2002 est.)
Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu	-0.7% (2002 est.)
Koordynaty geograficzne	65 00 N, 18 00 W
Polozenie geograficzne	strategic location between Grenlandia and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital w the world; more land covered by glaciers than w all of continental Europe
Autostrady	total: 12,691 km paved: 3,262 km unpaved: 9,429 km (1999)
Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Import	0 kWh (2000)
Import	$2 billion (2002)
Import - towary	machinery and equipment, petroleum products; foodstuffs, textiles
Import - partnerzy	Niemcy 12.2%, US 11.1%, Dania 8.6%, Norwegia 7.8%, UK 7.5%, Holandia 6.6% (2001)
Niepodleglosc	1 grudzien 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 czerwiec 1944 (from Dania)
Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle	0.2% (2001 est.)
Przemysl	fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power; tourism
Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow	3.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflacja	5% (2001 est.)
Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji	Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA (observer), IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNU, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Dostawcy internetu	20 (2001)
Nawadniane tereny	NA sq km
Sadownictwo	Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed dla life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices are appointed dla life by the Minister of Justice)
Sila robocza	159,000 (2000)
Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki	agriculture 5%, fishing and fish processing 12%, manufacturing 13%, construction 11%, other services 60% (1999)
Granica	0 km
Zagospodarowanie terenu	arable land: 0.06% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.94% (23% permanent pastures) (1998 est.)
Jezyki	Islandiaic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
System prawny	civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Wladza ustawodawcza	unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 8 maj 1999 (next to be held by kwiecien 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - Niepodleglosc Party 40.7%, Social Democratic Alliance (PA, Social Democratic Party, Women's List) 26.8%, Progressive Party 18.4%, Left-Green Alliance 9.1%, Liberal Party 4.2%; seats by party - Niepodleglosc Party 26, Social Democratic Alliance 17, Progressive Party 12, Left-Green Alliance 6, Liberal Party 2
Zywotnosc	total population: 79.66 years male: 77.42 years female: 82.07 years (2002 est.)
Pismienni	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.9% (1997 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Lokalizacja	Northern Europe, island between the Grenlandia Sea and the North Ocean Atlantycki, northwest of the UK
Lokalizacja na mapie	Arctic Region
Morskie obszary	continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Flota handlowa	total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,816 GRT/2,500 DWT ships by type: chemical tanker 1 (2002 est.)
Wojsko - uwagi	defense is provided by the US-manned Islandiaic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik
Wojsko	no regular armed forces; Police, Coast Guard
Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach)	$0
Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym)	males age 15-49: 71,142 (2002 est.)
Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej)	males age 15-49: 62,556 (2002 est.)
Swieto narodowe	Niepodleglosc Day, 17 czerwiec (1944)
Narodowosc	noun: Islandiaer(s) adjective: Islandiaic
Naturalne zagrozenia	earthquakes and volcanic activity
Surowce naturalne	fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite
Wspolczynnik migracji	-2.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Partie polityczne i przywodcy	Niepodleglosc Party or IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-Green Alliance or LGP [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Sverrir HERMANNSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; Social Democratic Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List)or SDA [Ossur SKARPHEDINSSON]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Sighvatur BJORGVINSSON]; Women's List or WL [Kristin ASTGEIRSDOTTIR]
Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow	NA
Ludnosc	279,384 (lipiec 2002 est.)
Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa	NA%
Przyrost naturalny	0.52% (2002 est.)
Porty i stocznie	Akureyri, Hornafjordhur, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vesttmannaeyjar
Stacje radiowe	AM 3, FM about 70 (including repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)
Radia	260,000 (1997)
Linie kolejowe	0 km
Religie	Evangelical Lutheran 87.1%, other Protestant 4.1%, Roman Catholic 1.7%, other 7.1% (2002)
Wspolczynnik plci	at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Prawo wyborcze	18 years of age; universal
System telefoniczny	general assessment: extensive domestic service domestic: the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Ocean Indyjski regions); note - Islandia shares the Inmarsat earth station z the other Nordic countries (Dania, Finlandia, Norwegia, and Szwecja)
Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne	196,984 (2001)
Telefony komorkowe	248,131 (221,231 GSM, 26,900 NMT) (2001)
Stacje telewizyjne	14 (plus 156 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Uksztaltowanie terenu	mostly plateau interspersed z mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords
Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety	1.99 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Wspolczynnik bezrobocia	2.8% (2002 est.)
Drogi wodne	none

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