Haiti (2005)
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Haiti 2005 roku
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Haiti 2005 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 9 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand 'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 42.6% (male 1,741,622/female 1,721,436)
15-64 years: 53.9% (male 2,137,225/female 2,242,639) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 124,383/female 154,317) (2005 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum, wood |
| Lotniska | 13 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.) |
| Terytorium | total: 27,750 sq km
land: 27,560 sq km water: 190 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than Maryland |
| Tlo historyczne | The native Arawak Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Columbus w 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola, and w 1697, Hiszpania ceded to the French the western third of the island - Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest w the Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE and after a prolonged struggle, became the first black republic to declare its independence w 1804. Haiti has been plagued by political violence dla most of its history. It is the poorest country w the Western Hemisphere. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 36.59 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $330.2 million
expenditures: $529.6 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) |
| Stolica | Port-au-Prince |
| Klimat | tropical; semiarid where mountains w east cut off trade winds |
| Linia brzegowa | 1,771 km |
| Konstytucja | approved marzec 1987; suspended czerwiec 1988 z most articles reinstated marzec 1989; w pazdziernik 1991 government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule w pazdziernik 1994 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Haiti
conventional short form: Haiti local long form: Republique d'Haiti local short form: Haiti |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 12.34 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $1.2 billion (2004 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador James B. FOLEY
embassy: 5 Harry S Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Prince mailing address: P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince telephone: [509] 222-0354, 222-0269, 222-0200, 222-0327 FAX: [509] 223-1641 or 222-0200 ext 460 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Raymond JOSEPH (as of listopad 2004)
chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-4090 FAX: [1] (202) 745-7215 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Portoryko) |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | since 2004, about 8,000 peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission w Haiti (MINUSTAH) maintain civil order w Haiti; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians fleeing economic privation and civil unrest continue to cross into Republika Dominikanska and to sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $150 million (FY04 est.) |
| Ekonomia | In this poorest country w the Western Hemisphere, 80% of the population lives w abject poverty, and natural disasters frequently sweep the nation. Two-thirds of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming. Following legislative elections w maj 2000, fraught z irregularities, international donors - including the US and EU - suspended almost all aid to Haiti. The economy shrank an estimated 1.2% w 2001, 0.9% w 2002, grew 0.4% w 2003, and shrank by 3.5% w 2004. Suspended aid and loan disbursements totaled more than $500 million at the start of 2003. Haiti also suffers from rampant inflation, a lack of investment, and a severe trade deficit. In early 2005 Haiti paid its arrears to the Swiat Bank, paving the way to reengagement z the Bank. The resumption of aid flows from all donors is alleviating but not ending the nation's bitter economic problems. Civil strife w 2004 combined z extensive damage from flooding w southern Haiti w maj 2004 and Tropical Storm Jeanne w northwestern Haiti w wrzesien 2004 further impoverished Haiti. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 574.7 million kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 0 kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 618 million kWh (2002) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared dla agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes |
| Grupy etniczne | black 95%, mulatto and white 5% |
| Kurs waluty | gourdes per US dollar - 38.352 (2004), 42.367 (2003), 29.251 (2002), 24.429 (2001), 21.171 (2000) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: Interim President Boniface ALEXANDRE (since 29 luty 2004)
note: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE resigned as president on 29 luty 2004; ALEXANDRE, as Chief of the Supreme Court, constitutionally succeeded Aristide head of government: Interim Prime Minister Gerald LATORTUE (since 12 marzec 2004), chosen by extraconstitutional Council of Eminent Persons representing cross-section of political and civic interests cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister w consultation z the president elections: president elected by popular vote dla a five-year term; election last held 26 listopad 2000 (next to be held w listopad 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly election results: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92% |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2002) |
| Eksport | $338.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
| Eksport | NA |
| Eksport - towary | manufactures, coffee, oils, cocoa, mangoes |
| Eksport - partnerzy | US 81.2%, Republika Dominikanska 7.3%, Kanada 4.1% (2004) |
| Rok podatkowy | 1 pazdziernik - 30 wrzesien |
| Opis flagi | two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red z a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 30%
industry: 20% services: 50% (2001 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2004 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | -3.5% (2004 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 19 00 N, 72 25 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | shares island of Hispaniola z Republika Dominikanska (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Republika Dominikanska) |
| Autostrady | total: 4,160 km
paved: 1,011 km unpaved: 3,149 km (1999 est.) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Narkotyki | major Caribbean transshipment point dla cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Kolumbian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti dla illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption |
| Import | 0 kWh (2002) |
| Import | $1.085 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
| Import | NA |
| Import - towary | food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials |
| Import - partnerzy | US 34.8%, Antyle Holenderskie 18%, Malezja 5.1%, Kolumbia 4.7% (2004) |
| Niepodleglosc | 1 styczen 1804 (from Francja) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | NA |
| Przemysl | sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly industries based on imported parts |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 73.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 79.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 66.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
| Inflacja | 22% (2004 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ACCT, ACP, Caricom (suspended), FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, MIGA, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 750 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation |
| Sila robocza | 3.6 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture 66%, industry 9%, services 25% |
| Granica | total: 360 km
border countries: Republika Dominikanska 360 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 28.3%
permanent crops: 11.61% other: 60.09% (2001) |
| Jezyki | French (official), Creole (official) |
| System prawny | based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (27 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (83 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the National Assembly stopped functioning w styczen 2004 when the terms of all Deputies and two-thirds of sitting Senators expired; no replacements have been elected; the President is currently ruling by decree
elections: Senate - last held dla two-thirds of seats 21 maj 2000 z runoffs on 9 lipiec boycotted by the opposition; seven seats still disputed; election dla remaining one-third held on 26 listopad 2000 (next to be held w 2005); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 maj 2000 z runoffs on 30 lipiec boycotted by the opposition; one vacant seat rerun 26 listopad 2000 (next to be held w listopad 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, MOCHRENA 3, PLB 2, OPL 1, vacant 1, other minor parties and independents 3 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 52.92 years
male: 51.58 years female: 54.31 years (2005 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 52.9% male: 54.8% female: 51.2% (2003 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Ocean Atlantycki, west of the Republika Dominikanska |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: to depth of exploitation |
| Wojsko | the regular Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH) - Army, Navy, and Air Force - have been demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $26 million (2003) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 0.9% (2003) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 1 styczen (1804) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Haitian(s)
adjective: Haitian |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | lies w the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from czerwiec to pazdziernik; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts |
| Surowce naturalne | bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | -1.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Alliance dla the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH [Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Ayiti Kapab [Ernst VERDIEU]; Convention dla Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM [Victor BENOIT]; Nationalist Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA [Serge GILLES]; Democratic Movement dla the Liberation of Haiti or MODELH [Francois LATORTUE]; Grand Center Right Front coalition (composed of MDN, MRN, and PDCH) [Hubert de RONCERAY, Jean BUTEAU, Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEMH [Clark PARENT]; Haitian Democratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Lavalas Family or FL [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Michael MADSEN]; Mobilization dla National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement dla National Reconstruction or MRN [Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement dla the Installation of Democracy w Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Front dla the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRON [Guy PHILIPPE]; National Progressive Democratic Party or PNDPH [Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement dla a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate Party (Parti Louvri Bayre) or PLB [leader NA]; Popular Party dla the Renewal of Haiti, or Generation 2000 [Claude ROMAIN and Daniel SUPPLICE]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; MNP28 [Dejean BELIZAIRE]; KOMBA [Evans LESCOUFLAIR] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR]; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; Group of 184 Civil Society Organization, or G-184 [Andy APAID]; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Roman Catholic Church; Protestant Federation of Haiti |
| Ludnosc | 8,121,622
note: estimates dla this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result w lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes w the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (lipiec 2005 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 80% (2003 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 2.26% (2005 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Cap-Haitien |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999) |
| Religie | Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982)
note: roughly half of the population practices Voodoo |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better
domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service international: country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 130,000 (2002) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 140,000 (2002) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly rough and mountainous |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 5.02 children born/woman (2005 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2002 est.) |
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