Gwatemala (2003)
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Gwatemala 2003 roku
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Gwatemala 2003 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Gwatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 42.9% (male 3,052,658; female 2,908,428)
15-64 years: 53.8% (male 3,779,688; female 3,706,315) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 215,653; female 246,642) (2003 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens |
| Lotniska | 466 (2002) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 455
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 115 under 914 m: 330 (2002) |
| Terytorium | total: 108,890 sq km
land: 108,430 sq km water: 460 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than Tennessee |
| Tlo historyczne | Gwatemala was freed of Spanish colonial rule w 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the conflict, which had led to the death of more than 100,000 people and had created some 1 million refugees. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 35.05 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $2.3 billion
expenditures: $2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $750 million (2002 est.) |
| Stolica | Gwatemala |
| Klimat | tropical; hot, humid w lowlands; cooler w highlands |
| Linia brzegowa | 400 km |
| Konstytucja | 31 maj 1985, effective 14 styczen 1986; note - suspended 25 maj 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 czerwiec 1993 following ouster of president; amended listopad 1993 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Gwatemala
conventional short form: Gwatemala local long form: Republica de Gwatemala local short form: Gwatemala |
| Waluta | quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD), others allowed |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 6.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $4.9 billion (2002 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador John Randle HAMILTON
embassy: 7-01 Avenida Reforma, Zone 10, Gwatemala City mailing address: APO AA 34024 telephone: [502] 331-1541/55 FAX: [502] 334-8477 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Antonio Fernando ARENALES Forno
chancery: 2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 745-4952 FAX: [1] (202) 745-1908 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Gwatemalan squatters continue to settle w Belize border region; OAS brokered Differendum w 2002 creating small adjustment to land boundary, large Gwatemalan maritime corridor w Caribbean, joint ecological park dla disputed Sapodilla Cays, and substantial US-UK financial package, but agreement was not brought to popular referendum leaving Gwatemalan claim to southern half of Belize intact |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $250 million (2000 est.) |
| Ekonomia | The agricultural sector accounts dla about one-fourth of Produkt krajowy brutto, two-thirds of exports, and half of the labor force. Coffee, sugar, and bananas are the main products. Former President ARZU (1996-2000) worked to implement a program of economic liberalization and political modernization. President PORTILLO has continued the liberalization program but z more sporadic results. The 1996 signing of the peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, but numerous corruption scandals associated z the PORTILLO administration have dampened investor confidence. The distribution of income remains highly unequal, z perhaps 75% of the population below the poverty line. Ongoing challenges include increasing the government revenues, negotiating further assistance from international donors, upgrading both government and private financial operations, and narrowing the trade deficit. A free trade agreement between the US and Central American countries promises greater access to US and neighboring markets. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 5.559 billion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 336 million kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 95 million kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 6.237 billion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - zrodla energii | fossil fuel: 51.9%
hydro: 35.2% nuclear: 0% other: 12.9% (2001) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Ocean Spokojny 0 m
highest point: Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | deforestation w the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol |
| Grupy etniczne | Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish or assimilated Amerindian - w local Spanish called Ladino), approximately 55%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian, approximately 43%, whites and others 2% |
| Kurs waluty | quetzales per US dollar - 7.82 (2002), 7.86 (2001), 7.76 (2000), 7.39 (1999), 6.39 (1998) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera (since 14 styczen 2000); Vice President Juan Francisco REYES Lopez (since 14 styczen 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera (since 14 styczen 2000); Vice President Juan Francisco REYES Lopez (since 14 styczen 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote dla a four-year term; election last held 7 listopad 1999; runoff held 26 grudzien 1999 (next to be held NA listopad 2003) election results: Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera elected president; percent of vote - Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera (FRG) 68%, Oscar BERGER Perdomo (PAN) 32% |
| Eksport | 336 million kWh (2001) |
| Eksport | $2.7 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
| Eksport | NA (2001) |
| Eksport - towary | coffee, sugar, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom, meat, apparel, petroleum, electricity |
| Eksport - partnerzy | US 58.7%, Salwador 9.3%, Nikaragua 3.1% (2002) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue z the coat of arms centered w the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Hiszpania) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath |
| Produkt krajowy brutto | purchasing power parity - $53.2 billion (2002 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 23%
industry: 20% services: 57% (2001 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $3,900 (2002 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 2.2% (2002 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 15 30 N, 90 15 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | no natural harbors on west coast |
| Autostrady | total: 14,118 km
paved: 4,871 km (including 74 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,247 km (1999) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 46% (1998) |
| Narkotyki | major transit country dla cocaine and heroin; minor producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis dla mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Meksyk makes Gwatemala a major staging area dla drugs (cocaine and heroin shipments); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem |
| Import | 95 million kWh (2001) |
| Import | $5.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
| Import | NA (2001) |
| Import - towary | fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity |
| Import - partnerzy | US 33.2%, Meksyk 9.9%, South Korea 8.2%, Salwador 5.7%, Chiny 4% (2002) |
| Niepodleglosc | 15 wrzesien 1821 (from Hiszpania) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 4.1% (1999) |
| Przemysl | sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 37.92 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 38.72 deaths/1,000 live births female: 37.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflacja | 8.1% (2002 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Dostawcy internetu | 5 (2000) |
| Nawadniane tereny | 1,250 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (thirteen members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a president of the Court each year from among their number; the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms); Konstytucjaal Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad (five judges are elected dla concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of the Konstytucjaal Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Gwatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados) |
| Sila robocza | 4.2 million (1999 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture 50%, industry 15%, services 35% (1999 est.) |
| Granica | total: 1,687 km
border countries: Belize 266 km, Salwador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Meksyk 962 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 12.54%
permanent crops: 5.03% other: 82.43% (1998 est.) |
| Jezyki | Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) |
| System prawny | civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (140 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 9 listopad 2003 (next to be held NA listopad 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - GANA 49, FRG 42, UNE 33, PAN 16 note: dla the 9 listopad 2003 election, the number of congressional seats increased to 140 from 113 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 65.23 years
male: 64.31 years female: 66.21 years (2003 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 70.6% male: 78% female: 63.3% (2003 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Middle America, bordering the North Ocean Spokojny, between Salwador and Meksyk, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Morskie obszary | continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Flota handlowa | none (2002 est.) |
| Wojsko | Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $120 million (FY99) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 0.6% (FY99) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym) | males age 15-49: 3,320,077 (2003 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej) | males age 15-49: 2,167,270 (2003 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (wiek zolniezy) | 18 years of age (2003 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (osoby osiagajace wiek poborowy w ciagu roku) | males: 151,294 (2003 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 15 wrzesien (1821) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Gwatemalan(s)
adjective: Gwatemalan |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | numerous volcanoes w mountains, z occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms |
| Surowce naturalne | petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | -1.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Rurociagi | oil 480 km (2003) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER]; Democratic Union or UD [Rodolfo PAIZ Andrade]; Grand National Alliance or GANA [leader NA]; Green Party or LOV [Rodolfo ROSALES Garcis-Salaz]; Gwatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Gwatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Secretary General Alba ESTELA Maldonado]; Gwatemalan Republican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement dla Gwatemalan Unity or MGU [Jacobo ARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement dla Principals and Values or MPV [Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN [Secretary General Leonel LOPEZ Rodas]; National Unity dla Hope or UNE [Alvarado COLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN, formed by an alliance of DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most of whom subsequently defected [led by three co-equal partners - Nineth Varenca MONTENEGRO Cottom, Rodolfo BAUER Paiz, and Jorge Antonio BALSELLS TUT]; Patriot Party or PP [retired General Otto PEREZ Molina]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES Molina]; Reform Movement or MR [Secretary General Alfredo SKINNER-KLEE]; Unionista Party [leader NA] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Alliance Against Impunity or AAI; Committee dla Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF; Mutual Support Group or GAM |
| Ludnosc | 13,909,384 (lipiec 2003 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 75% (2002 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 2.66% (2003 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Champerico, Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, San Jose, Santo Tomas de Castilla |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 130, FM 487, shortwave 15 (2000) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 886 km
narrow gauge: 886 km 0.914-m gauge (2002) |
| Religie | Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous majan beliefs |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal (active duty members of the armed forces may not vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day) |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: fairly modern network centered w the city of Gwatemala
domestic: NA international: connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 665,061 (czerwiec 2000) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 663,296 (wrzesien 2000) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 26 (plus 27 repeaters) (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly mountains z narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten) |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 4.67 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 7.5% (1999 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during highwater season |
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