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Gaza Strip (2003)

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Gaza Strip 2003 year

 Gaza Strip
Age structure 0-14 years: 49.4% (male 322,658; female 307,026)


15-64 years: 47.9% (male 310,910; female 299,724)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 14,645; female 19,905) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products
Airports 2 (2001)


note: includes Gaza International Airport (GIA), inaugurated on 24 November 1998 as part of agreements stipulated in the September 1995 Oslo II Accord and the 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum; GIA has been largely closed since October 2000 by Israeli orders and its runway was destroyed by the Israeli Defense Forces in December 2001 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 360 sq km


land: 360 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of the interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external and internal security and for public order of settlements and Israeli citizens. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and West Bank had begun in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, but have been derailed by a second intifadah that broke out in September 2000. The resulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel's military response, and instability within the Palestinian Authority continue to undermine progress toward a permanent agreement.
Birth rate 41.23 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $930 million


expenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $15 million (includes West Bank) (2000 est.)
Climate temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers
Coastline 40 km
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gaza Strip


local long form: none


local short form: Qita Ghazzah
Currency new Israeli shekel (ILS)
Death rate 4.03 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $108 million (includes West Bank) (1997 est.)
Disputes - international West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation
Economic aid - recipient $800 million (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)
Economy - overview Economic output in the Gaza Strip - under the responsibility of the Palestinian Authority since the Cairo Agreement of May 1994 - declined by about one-third between 1992 and 1996. The downturn was largely the result of Israeli closure policies - the imposition of generalized border closures in response to security incidents in Israel - which disrupted previously established labor and commodity market relationships between Israel and the WBGS (West Bank and Gaza Strip). The most serious negative social effect of this downturn was the emergence of high unemployment; unemployment in the WBGS during the 1980s was generally under 5%; by 1995 it had risen to over 20%. Israel's use of comprehensive closures decreased during the next few years and, in 1998, Israel implemented new policies to reduce the impact of closures and other security procedures on the movement of Palestinian goods and labor. These changes fueled an almost three-year-long economic recovery in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; real GDP grew by 5% in 1998 and 6% in 1999. Recovery was upended in the last quarter of 2000 with the outbreak of violence, triggering tight Israeli closures of Palestinian self-rule areas and a severe disruption of trade and labor movements. In 2001, and even more severely in 2002, Israeli military measures in Palestinian Authority areas resulted in the destruction of capital plant and administrative structure, widespread business closures, and a sharp drop in GDP. Another major loss has been the decline in income earned by Palestinian workers in Israel. International aid of $2 billion in 2001-02 to the Gaza Strip and West Bank have prevented the complete collapse of the economy.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel (2001)
Electricity - production NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda) 105 m
Environment - current issues desertification; salination of fresh water; sewage treatment; water-borne disease; soil degradation; depletion and contamination of underground water resources
Ethnic groups Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6%
Exchange rates new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999), 3.8001 (1998), 3.4494 (1997)
Exports 0 kWh (2001)
Exports $603 million f.o.b., includes West Bank
Exports - commodities citrus, flowers
Exports - partners Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Fiscal year calendar year
GDP purchasing power parity - $735 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 9%


industry: 28%


services: 63% (includes West Bank)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $600 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -15% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 31 25 N, 34 20 E
Geography - note there are 25 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Gaza Strip (February 2002 est.)
Highways total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km


note: small, poorly developed road network
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel (2001)
Imports $1.9 billion c.i.f., includes West Bank
Imports - commodities food, consumer goods, construction materials
Imports - partners Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Industrial production growth rate NA%
Industries generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center
Infant mortality rate total: 24.15 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 25.37 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 22.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.2% (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (1999)
Irrigated land 120 sq km (1998 est.)
Labor force NA
Labor force - by occupation services 66%, industry 21%, agriculture 13% (1996)
Land boundaries total: 62 km


border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km
Land use arable land: 26.32%


permanent crops: 39.47%


other: 34.21% (1998 est.)
Languages Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 71.4 years


male: 70.13 years


female: 72.73 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel
Map references Middle East
Maritime claims Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation
Military branches in accordance with the peace agreement, the Palestinian Authority is not permitted conventional military forces; there are, however, a Public Security Force and a civil Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA%
Nationality noun: NA


adjective: NA
Natural hazards droughts
Natural resources arable land, natural gas
Net migration rate 1.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Population 1,274,868 (July 2002 est.)


note: in addition, there are more than 5,000 Israeli settlers in the Gaza Strip (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line 60% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate 3.89% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Gaza
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways total: NA km; note - one line, abandoned and in disrepair, little trackage remains (2001 est.)
Religions Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female


total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: rudimentary telephone services provided by an open-wire system


international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use 95,729 (total for Gaza Strip and West Bank) (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA
Television broadcast stations 2 (operated by the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation) (1997)
Terrain flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain
Total fertility rate 6.17 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (includes West Bank) (2002 est.)
Waterways none
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