Gambia, The (2007)

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Gambia, The 2007 year


Administrative divisions	5 divisions and 1 city; Banjul, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western
Age structure	0-14 years: 44.1% (male 373,831/female 370,397) 15-64 years: 53.2% (male 445,365/female 452,311) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 23,582/female 22,873) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 11,300 sq km land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,300 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than twice the size of Delaware
Background	The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty, but tensions have flared up intermittently since then. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH led a military coup in 1994 that overthrew the president and banned political activity. A new constitution and presidential elections in 1996, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. JAMMEH has been elected president in all subsequent elections, including most recently in late 2006.
Birth rate	38.86 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $113.4 million expenditures: $139 million (2006 est.)
Capital	name: Banjul geographic coordinates: 13 27 N, 16 34 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)
Coastline	80 km
Constitution	approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective 16 January 1997
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia conventional short form: The Gambia
Death rate	11.99 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$628.8 million (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph D. STAFFORD, III embassy: Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul mailing address: P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul telephone: [220] 439-2856, 437-6169, 437-6170 FAX: [220] 439-2475
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Dodou Bammy JAGNE chancery: Suite 905, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1379 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430
Disputes - international	attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region, as well as from conflicts in other west African states
Economic aid - recipient	$58.15 million (2005)
Economy - overview	The Gambia has no confirmed mineral or natural resource deposits and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. Reexport trade normally constitutes a major segment of economic activity, but a 1999 government-imposed preshipment inspection plan, and instability of the Gambian dalasi (currency) have drawn some of the reexport trade away from The Gambia. The Gambia's natural beauty and proximity to Europe has made it one of the larger markets for tourism in West Africa. The government's 1998 seizure of the private peanut firm Alimenta eliminated the largest purchaser of Gambian groundnuts. Despite an announced program to begin privatizing key parastatals, no plans have been made public that would indicate that the government intends to follow through on its promises. Unemployment and underemployment rates remain extremely high; short-run economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, on continued technical assistance from the IMF and bilateral donors, and on expected growth in the construction sector.
Electricity - consumption	134.9 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	145 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 53 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1%
Exchange rates	dalasi per US dollar - 28.3 (2006), 30.38 (2005), 30.03 (2004), 27.306 (2004), 19.918 (2003), 15.687 (2002), 15.687 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); note - from 1994 to 1996 he was chairman of the Junta; Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 22 September 2006 (next to be held in 2011) election results: Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH 67.3%, Ousainou DARBOE 26.6%, Halifa SALLAH 6.0%
Exports	0 kWh (2005)
Exports	$135 million f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Exports	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels, re-exports
Exports - partners	India 38.5%, UK 15.9%, Indonesia 7.9%, France 7.1%, Italy 4.6% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 32.9% industry: 9.6% services: 57.5% (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	6.5% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates	13 28 N, 16 34 W
Geography - note	almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% (1998)
Imports	0 kWh (2005)
Imports	$249 million f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Imports	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment
Imports - partners	China 25.2%, Senegal 11.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.1%, Brazil 6.5%, Netherlands 4.5% (2006)
Independence	18 February 1965 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%
Industries	processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing
Infant mortality rate	total: 70.14 deaths/1,000 live births male: 76.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.5% (2006 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	20 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court
Labor force	400,000 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 75% industry: 19% services: 6% (1996)
Land boundaries	total: 740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km
Land use	arable land: 27.88% permanent crops: 0.44% other: 71.68% (2005)
Languages	English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars
Legal system	based on a composite of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 members elected by popular vote, 5 appointed by the president; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 25 January 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APRC 47, UDP 4, NADD 1, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 54.54 years male: 52.68 years female: 56.46 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 40.1% male: 47.8% female: 32.8% (2003 est.)
Location	Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal
Map references	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm continental shelf: extent not specified
Merchant marine	total: 5 ships (1000 GRT or over) 32,064 GRT/9,751 DWT by type: passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Australia 1) (2007)
Military branches	Gambian National Army (National Guard, GNA), Gambian Navy (GN) (2007)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.5% (2006)
National holiday	Independence Day, 18 February (1965)
Nationality	noun: Gambian(s) adjective: Gambian
Natural hazards	drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)
Natural resources	fish, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon, silica sand, clay, petroleum
Net migration rate	0.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC (the ruling party) [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambia People's Democratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance for Democracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA
Population	1,688,359 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%
Population growth rate	2.781% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)
Religions	Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.009 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.985 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.031 male(s)/female total population: 0.997 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate; a packet switched data network is available domestic: adequate network of microwave radio relay and open-wire international: country code - 220; microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (1997)
Telephones - main lines in use	52,900 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular	404,300 (2006)
Television broadcast stations	1 (government-owned) (1997)
Terrain	flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills
Total fertility rate	5.21 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%
Waterways	390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can reach 190 km) (2006)

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