Gambia, The (2005)

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Gambia, The 2005 year


Administrative divisions	5 divisions and 1 city; Banjul, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western
Age structure	0-14 years: 44.5% (male 356,079/female 352,894) 15-64 years: 52.8% (male 416,809/female 424,429) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 22,111/female 20,934) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 11,300 sq km land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,300 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than twice the size of Delaware
Background	The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965; it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia with Senegal between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. A military coup in 1994 overthrew the president and banned political activity, but a 1996 constitution and presidential elections, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. The country undertook another round of presidential and legislative elections in late 2001 and early 2002. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH, the leader of the coup, has been elected president in all subsequent elections.
Birth rate	39.86 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $44.85 million expenditures: $59.94 million, including capital expenditures of $4.1 million (2004 est.)
Capital	Banjul
Climate	tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)
Coastline	80 km
Constitution	24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January 1997
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia conventional short form: The Gambia
Death rate	11.81 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$476 million (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph D. STAFFORD, III embassy: Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul mailing address: P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul telephone: [220] 392856, 392858, 391971 FAX: [220] 392475
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: Suite 905, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1379 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430
Disputes - international	attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region as well as from conflicts in other west African states
Economic aid - recipient	$45.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview	The Gambia has no significant mineral or natural resource deposits and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. Reexport trade normally constitutes a major segment of economic activity, but a 1999 government-imposed preshipment inspection plan, and instability of the Gambian dalasi (currency) have drawn some of the reexport trade away from The Gambia. The government's 1998 seizure of the private peanut firm Alimenta eliminated the largest purchaser of Gambian groundnuts; the following two marketing seasons saw substantially lower prices and sales. Despite an announced program to begin privatizing key parastatals, no plans have been made public that would indicate that the government intends to follow through on its promises. Unemployment and underemployment rates remain extremely high; short-run economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, on continued technical assistance from the IMF and bilateral donors, and on expected growth in the construction sector.
Electricity - consumption	83.99 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	90.31 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 53 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1%
Exchange rates	dalasi per US dollar - 27.306 (2003), 27.306 (2003), 19.918 (2002), 15.687 (2001), 12.788 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 he was Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 was he Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 October 2001 (next to be held October 2006) election results: Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH 52.9%, Ousainou DARBOE 32.7%
Exports	0 kWh (2002)
Exports	$114.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Exports	NA
Exports - commodities	peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels, re-exports
Exports - partners	India 21.4%, Thailand 15.1%, UK 13.7%, France 12.9%, Germany 8.7%, Italy 7.5% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 26.8% industry: 14.5% services: 58.7% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	6% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	13 28 N, 16 34 W
Geography - note	almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa
Highways	total: 2,700 km paved: 956 km unpaved: 1,744 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	0 kWh (2002)
Imports	$180.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Imports	NA
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment
Imports - partners	China 23.7%, Senegal 11.6%, Brazil 5.9%, UK 5.5%, Netherlands 4.5%, US 4.4% (2004)
Independence	18 February 1965 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA
Industries	processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing
Infant mortality rate	total: 72.02 deaths/1,000 live births male: 78.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 65.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	7% (2004 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	20 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court
Labor force	400,000 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 6%
Land boundaries	total: 740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km
Land use	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0.5% other: 74.5% (2001)
Languages	English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars
Legal system	based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 elected by popular vote, five appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 17 January 2002 (next to be held February 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APRC 45, PDOIS 2, NRP 1,
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 53.75 years male: 51.91 years female: 55.64 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 40.1% male: 47.8% female: 32.8% (2003 est.)
Location	Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal
Map references	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: not specified exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 30,976 GRT/10,978 DWT by type: passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Switzerland 1) (2005)
Military branches	Gambian National Army (GNA), Gambian Navy (GN), Presidential Guard, National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$1 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.3% (2004)
National holiday	Independence Day, 18 February (1965)
Nationality	noun: Gambian(s) adjective: Gambian
Natural hazards	drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)
Natural resources	fish, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon, silica sand, clay, petroleum
Net migration rate	1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC - the ruling party [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambian People's Party-Progressive People's Party-United Democratic Party or GPP-PPP-UDP Coalition [Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA] note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowed the reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties banned since 1996
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA
Population	1,593,256 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA
Population growth rate	2.93% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Banjul
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)
Religions	Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate; a packet switched data network is available domestic: adequate network of microwave radio relay and open-wire international: country code - 220; microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	38,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	100,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	1 (government-owned) (1997)
Terrain	flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills
Total fertility rate	5.38 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA (2002 est.)
Waterways	390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can reach 190 km) (2004)

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