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Gambia, The (2001)
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Gambia, The 2001 year
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| Administrative divisions | 5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Lower River, Central River, North Bank, Upper River, Western |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
45.22% (male 320,458; female 317,647) 15-64 years: 52.13% (male 364,900; female 370,717) 65 years and over: 2.65% (male 19,660; female 17,823) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, corn, sesame, cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats; forest and fishery resources not fully exploited |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
11,300 sq km land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,300 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly less than twice the size of Delaware |
| Background | The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965; it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia with Senegal between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. A military coup in 1994 overthrew the president and banned political activity, but a new 1996 constitution and presidential elections, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, have completed a nominal return to civilian rule. |
| Birth rate | 41.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$90.5 million expenditures: $80.9 million, including capital expenditures of $4.1 million (2001 est.) |
| Capital | Banjul |
| Climate | tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) |
| Coastline | 80 km |
| Constitution | 24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished in January 1997 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Republic of The Gambia conventional short form: The Gambia |
| Currency | dalasi (GMD) |
| Death rate | 12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $440 million (2001 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador George W. B. HALEY embassy: Fajara, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul mailing address: P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul telephone: [220] 392856, 392858, 391970, 391971 FAX: [220] 392475 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador John P. BOJANG chancery: Suite 1000, 1155 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1399 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430 |
| Disputes - international | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $45.4 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. Reexport trade normally constitutes a major segment of economic activity, but a 1999 government-imposed preshipment inspection plan, instability of the Gambian dalasi, and the stable political situation in Senegal have drawn some of the reexport trade away from Banjul. The government's 1998 seizure of the private peanut firm Alimenta eliminated the largest purchaser of Gambian groundnuts; the following two marketing seasons have seen significantly lower prices and sales. A decline in tourism from 1999 to 2000 has also held back growth. Unemployment and underemployment rates are extremely high. Shortrun economic progress remains highly dependent on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management as forwarded by IMF technical help and advice, and on expected growth in the construction sector. |
| Electricity - consumption | 69.8 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 75 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 53 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% |
| Exchange rates | dalasi per US dollar - 15.000 (January 2001), 12.729 (3d quarter 1999), 11.395 (1999), 10.643 (1998), 10.200 (1997), 9.789 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet is appointed by the president elections: the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; the number of terms is not restricted; election last held 26 September 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001) election results: Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH elected president; percent of vote - Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH 55.8%, Ousainou DARBOE 35.8% |
| Exports | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Exports | $125.8 million (f.o.b., 1999) |
| Exports - commodities | peanuts and peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels |
| Exports - partners | Benelux 59%, Japan 20%, UK 7%, Spain 2% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year |
| Flag description | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $1.5 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
21% industry: 12% services: 67% (1998 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 4.9% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 13 28 N, 16 34 W |
| Geography - note | almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa |
| Highways | total:
2,700 km paved: 956 km unpaved: 1,744 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Imports | $202.5 million (f.o.b., 1999) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment |
| Imports - partners | China (including Hong Kong) 49%, UK 15%, Netherlands 11.6%, Brazil 10%, Senegal 10% (1997) |
| Independence | 18 February 1965 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% |
| Industries | processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing |
| Infant mortality rate | 77.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.4% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2001) |
| Irrigated land | 150 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court |
| Labor force | 400,000 |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 6% |
| Land boundaries | total:
740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km |
| Land use | arable land:
18% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 9% forests and woodland: 28% other: 45% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars |
| Legal system | based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly (49 seats; 45 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last popular election held 2 January 1997 (next to be held NA January 2002) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APRC 33, UDP 7, NRP 2, PDOIS 1, independents 2 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
53.59 years male: 51.65 years female: 55.58 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 47.5% male: 58.4% female: 37.1% (2001 est.) |
| Location | Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal |
| Map references | Africa |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
18 NM continental shelf: not specified exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) |
| Military branches | Army (includes marine unit), National Police, Presidential Guard |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $2.6 million (2001 est.) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 2% (FY96/97) |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
316,873 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
159,764 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 18 February (1965) |
| Nationality | noun:
Gambian(s) adjective: Gambian |
| Natural hazards | drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years) |
| Natural resources | fish |
| Net migration rate | 2.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]
note: in August 1996 the government banned the following from participation in the elections of 1996: People's Progressive Party or PPP [former President Dawda K. JAWARA (in exile)], and two opposition parties - the National Convention Party or NCP [former Vice President Sheriff DIBBA] and the Gambian People's Party or GPP [Hassan Musa CAMARA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA |
| Population | 1,411,205 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 3.14% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Banjul |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2000) |
| Radios | 196,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km |
| Religions | Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.1 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
adequate; a packet switched data network is available domestic: adequate network of microwave radio relay and open wire international: microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 31,900 (2000) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 5,624 (2000) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (government-owned) (1997) |
| Terrain | flood plain of the Gambia river flanked by some low hills |
| Total fertility rate | 5.68 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% |
| Waterways | 400 km |
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