Cameroon (2002)

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Cameroon 2002 year


Administrative divisions	10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest
Age structure	0-14 years: 42.1% (male 3,443,505; female 3,367,571) 15-64 years: 54.5% (male 4,431,524; female 4,392,155) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 253,242; female 296,751) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber
Airports	49 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 11 (2002)
Area	total: 475,440 sq km land: 469,440 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than California
Background	The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy.
Birth rate	35.66 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.2 billion expenditures: $2.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est.)
Capital	Yaounde
Climate	varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
Coastline	402 km
Constitution	20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon conventional short form: Cameroon former: French Cameroon
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Death rate	12.08 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$10.9 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador George McDade STAPLES embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520 telephone: [237] 223-05-12, 222-25-89, 222-17-94, 223-40-14 FAX: [237] 223-07-53 branch office(s): Douala
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Raymond EPOTE chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826
Disputes - international	oral arguments on the land and maritime boundary disputes between Cameroon and Nigeria were presented to the ICJ; disputes center around Bakasi Peninsula, where armed clashes continue, Bouram Island on Lake Chad, and the maritime boundary and economic zone dispute in the Gulf of Guinea, which also involves Equatorial Guinea; Lake Chad Basin Commission urges signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region, the site of continuing armed clashes
Economic aid - recipient	on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; total debt relief now amounts to $1.26 billion
Economy - overview	Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency and privatization. International oil and cocoa prices have considerable impact on the economy.
Electricity - consumption	3.369 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	3.623 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 3% hydro: 97% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Fako (on Cameroon Mountain) 4,095 m
Environment - current issues	water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups	Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro
Executive branch	chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) head of government: Prime Minister Peter Mafany MUSONGE (since 19 September 1996) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 12 October 1997 (next to be held NA October 2004); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 92.6%; note - supporters of the opposition candidates boycotted the elections, making a comparison of vote shares relatively meaningless
Exports	0 kWh (2000)
Exports	$2.1 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities	crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton
Exports - partners	Italy 24%, France 18%, Netherlands 10% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP	purchasing power parity - $26.4 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 44% industry: 20% services: 36% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.9% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	6 00 N, 12 00 E
Geography - note	sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano
Highways	total: 34,300 km paved: 4,288 km unpaved: 30,012 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	0 kWh (2000)
Imports	$1.5 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities	machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food
Imports - partners	France 29%, Germany 7%, US 6%, Japan 6% (2000 est.)
Independence	1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	4.2% (1999 est.)
Industries	petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber
Infant mortality rate	68.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, C, CCC, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2002)
Irrigated land	330 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of nine judges and 6 substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly)
Labor force	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%
Land boundaries	total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km
Land use	arable land: 12.81% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 84.61% (1998 est.)
Languages	24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
Legal system	based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature) elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21 note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 54.36 years male: 53.51 years female: 55.23 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 63.4% male: 75% female: 52.1% (1995 est.)
Location	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria
Map references	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 50 NM
Military branches	Army, Navy (includes naval infantry), Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$118.6 million (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.4% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 3,872,965 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,959,357 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 174,308 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)
Nationality	noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian
Natural hazards	volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes
Natural resources	petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA, chairman]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Southern Cameroon National Council [Frederick Ebong ALOBWEDE]; Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]
Population	16,184,748 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	48% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate	2.36% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2002)
Radios	2.27 million (1997)
Railways	1,008 km narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
Religions	indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	20 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: available only to business and government domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	95,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	300,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2002)
Terrain	diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
Total fertility rate	4.72 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	30% (2001 est.)
Waterways	2,090 km (of decreasing importance) (2002)

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