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Andorra (2004)

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 Andorra
Administrative divisions 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Age structure 0-14 years: 15% (male 5,478; female 4,988)


15-64 years: 71.6% (male 26,268; female 23,766)


65 years and over: 13.4% (male 4,659; female 4,706) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep
Airports none
Area total: 468 sq km


land: 468 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.
Birth rate 9.32 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $385 million


expenditures: $342 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1997)
Capital Andorra la Vella
Climate temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Coastline 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; approved by referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Andorra


conventional short form: Andorra


local long form: Principat d'Andorra


local short form: Andorra
Currency euro (EUR)
Death rate 5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external NA
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: [34] (93) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (93) 280-6175
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA


chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064


FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630
Disputes - international none
Economic aid - recipient none
Economy - overview Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Electricity - production NA kWh
Elevation extremes lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m


highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal
Environment - international agreements party to: Hazardous Wastes


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26 July 2002); Spanish Coprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i SICILIA (since 12 May 2003), represented by Nemesi MARQUES i OSTE (since NA)


head of government: Executive Council President Marc FORNE Molne (since 21 December 1994)


cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president


elections: Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held April-May 2005)


election results: Marc FORNE Molne elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA%
Exports 0 kWh (2002)
Exports $58 million f.o.b. (1998)
Exports - commodities tobacco products, furniture
Exports - partners Spain 58%, France 34% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year
Flag description three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem
GDP purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $19,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 42 30 N, 1 30 E
Geography - note landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees
Highways total: 269 km


paved: 198 km


unpaved: 71 km (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Imports $1.077 billion (1998)
Imports - commodities consumer goods, food, electricity
Imports - partners Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000)
Independence 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)
Industrial production growth rate NA
Industries tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking
Infant mortality rate total: 4.05 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.3% (2000)
International organization participation CE, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Irrigated land NA sq km
Judicial branch Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Labor force 33,000 (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 120.3 km


border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Land use arable land: 2.22%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 97.78% (2001)
Languages Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Legal system based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held NA March-April 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 46.1%, PSD 30%, PD 23.8%, other 0.1%; seats by party - PLA 15, PSD 6, PD 5, other 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 83.5 years


male: 80.59 years


female: 86.59 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 100%


male: NA


female: NA
Location Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Map references Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Military branches no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra
National holiday Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Nationality noun: Andorran(s)


adjective: Andorran
Natural hazards avalanches
Natural resources hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Net migration rate 6.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders Andorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly Democratic Party or PD) [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA (formerly Liberal Union or UL) [Albert PINTAT]; Social Democratic Party or PS (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA
Population 69,865 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA
Population growth rate 1% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions Roman Catholic (predominant)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female


total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges


international: country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain
Telephones - main lines in use 35,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 23,500 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997)
Terrain rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Total fertility rate 1.28 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 0% (1996 est.)
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