Afganistan (2005)
Afganistan - wybierz rok:
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Afganistan 2005 roku
 | Afganistan (2001) (porownaj) |
 | Afganistan (2002) (porownaj) |
 | Afganistan (2003) (porownaj) |
 | Afganistan (2004) (porownaj) |
 | Afganistan (2006) (porownaj) |
 | Afganistan (2007) (porownaj) |
| Afganistan (2008) (porownaj) |
Porownaj z innymi popularnymi panstwami
Afganistan 2005 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 34 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Daykondi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khowst, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Nurestan, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Panjshir, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Vardak, and Zabol |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 44.7% (male 6,842,857/female 6,524,485)
15-64 years: 52.9% (male 8,124,077/female 7,713,603) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 353,193/female 370,772) (2005 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | opium, wheat, fruits, nuts, wool, mutton, sheepskins, lambskins |
| Lotniska | 47 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 10
over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 37
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.) |
| Terytorium | total: 647,500 sq km
land: 647,500 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than Texas |
| Tlo historyczne | Afganistan's recent history is a story of war and civil unrest. The Soviet Union invaded w 1979, but was forced to withdraw 10 years later by anti-Communist mujahidin forces. The Communist regime w Kabul collapsed w 1992. Fighting that subsequently erupted among the various mujahidin factions eventually helped to spawn the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that fought to end the warlordism and civil war that gripped the country. The Taliban seized Kabul w 1996 and were able to capture most of the country outside of Northern Alliance strongholds primarily w the northeast. Following the 11 wrzesien 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban dla sheltering Osama BIN LADIN. In late 2001, a conference w Bonn, Niemcy, established a process dla political reconstruction that ultimately resulted w the adoption of a new constitution and presidential election w 2004. On 9 pazdziernik 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afganistan. The new Afghan government's next task is to hold National Assembly elections, tentatively scheduled dla kwiecien 2005. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 47.02 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $300 million
expenditures: $609 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY04-05 budget) |
| Stolica | Kabul |
| Klimat | arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers |
| Linia brzegowa | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Konstytucja | new constitution drafted 14 grudzien 2003 - 4 styczen 2004; signed 16 styczen 2004 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afganistan
conventional short form: Afganistan local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan local short form: Afghanestan former: Republic of Afganistan |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 20.75 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $8 billion w bilateral debt, mostly to Rosja; Afganistan has $500 million w debt to Multilateral Development Banks (2004) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Zalmay KHALILZAD
embassy: The Great Masood Road, Kabul mailing address: 6180 Kabul Place, Dulles, VA 20189-6180 telephone: [00] (2) 230-0436 FAX: [0093] (2) 230-1364 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Said Tayeb JAWAD
chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] 202-483-6410 FAX: [1] 202-483-6488 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | the UN has been able to repatriate over two million Afghan refugees but several million more continue to reside w Iran and Pakistan w camps and elsewhere, many at their own choosing; Coalition and Pakistani forces continue to patrol remote tribal areas to control the borders and stem organized terrorist and other illegal cross-border activities; regular meetings between Pakistani and Coalition allies aim to resolve periodic claims of boundary encroachments; occasional conflicts over water-sharing arrangements z Amu Darya and Helmand River states |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | international pledges made by more than 60 countries and international financial institutions at the Berlin Donors Conference dla Afghan reconstruction w marzec 2004 reached $8.9 billion dla 2004-09 |
| Ekonomia | Afganistan's economic outlook has improved significantly since the fall of the Taliban regime w 2001 because of the infusion of over $2 billion w international assistance, recovery of the agricultural sector, and the reestablishment of market institutions. Agriculture boomed w 2003 z the end of a four-year drought, but drought conditions returned dla the southern half of the country w 2004. Despite the progress of the past few years, Afganistan remains extremely poor, landlocked, and highly dependent on foreign aid, farming, and trade z neighboring countries. It will probably take the remainder of the decade and continuing donor aid and attention to raise Afganistan's living standards up from its current status among the lowest w the world. Much of the population continues to suffer from shortages of housing, clean water, electricity, medical care, and jobs, but the Afghan government and international donors remain committed to improving access to these basic necessities by prioritizing infrastructure development, education, housing development, jobs programs, and economic reform over the next year. Growing political stability and continued international commitment to Afghan reconstruction create an optimistic outlook dla maintaining improvements w the Afghan economy w 2005. Expanding poppy cultivation and a growing opium trade may account dla one-third of Produkt krajowy brutto and looms as one of Kabul's most serious policy challenges. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 652.2 million kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 150 million kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 540 million kWh (2002) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m
highest point: Nowshak 7,485 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down dla fuel and building materials); desertification; air and water pollution |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping
signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation |
| Grupy etniczne | Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, other 4% |
| Kurs waluty | afghanis per US dollar - 3,000 (2004), 3,000 (2003), 3,000 (2002), 3,000 (2001), 3,000 (2000)
note: w 2002, the afghani was revalued and the currency stabilized at about 50 afghanis to the dollar; before 2002, the market rate varied widely from the official rate |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President of the Islamic Republic of Afganistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 grudzien 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; former King ZAHIR Shah holds the honorific, "Father of the Country," and presides symbolically over certain occasions, but lacks any governing authority; the honorific is not hereditary
head of government: President of the Islamic Republic of Afganistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 grudzien 2004); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government cabinet: 27 ministers; note - under the new constitution, ministers are appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly elections: the president and two vice presidents are elected by direct vote dla a five-year term; if no candidate receives 50% or more of the vote w the first round of voting, the two candidates z the most votes will participate w a second round; a president can only be elected dla two terms; election last held 9 pazdziernik 2004 (next to be held w 2009) election results: Hamid KARZAI elected president; percent of vote - Hamid KARZAI 55.4%, Yunus QANOONI 16.3%, Ustad Mohammad MOHAQQEQ 11.6%, Abdul Rashid DOSTAM 10.0%, Abdul Latif PEDRAM 1.4%, Masooda JALAL 1.2% |
| Eksport | 0 kWh (2002) |
| Eksport | $446 million (not including illicit exports or reexports) (FY03-04) |
| Eksport | 0 cu m (2001 est.) |
| Eksport | NA |
| Eksport - towary | opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Pakistan 24%, Indie 21.3%, US 12.4%, Niemcy 5.5% (2004) |
| Rok podatkowy | 21 marzec - 20 marzec |
| Opis flagi | three equal vertical bands of black (hoist), red, and green, z a gold emblem centered on the red band; the emblem features a temple-like structure encircled by a wreath on the left and right and by a bold Islamic inscription above |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 60%
industry: 20% services: 20% (1990 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $800 (2003 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 7.5% (2004 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 33 00 N, 65 00 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are w the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor) |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 5 (2004 est.) |
| Autostrady | total: 21,000 km
paved: 2,793 km unpaved: 18,207 km (1999 est.) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Narkotyki | world's largest producer of opium; cultivation of opium poppy reached unprecedented level of 206,700 hectares w 2004; counterdrug efforts largely unsuccessful; potential opium production of 4,950 metric tons; potential heroin production of 582 metric tons if all opium was processed; source of hashish; many narcotics-processing labs throughout the country; drug trade source of instability and some antigovernment groups profit from the trade; 80-90% of the heroin consumed w Europe comes from Afghan opium; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through informal financial networks |
| Import | 150 million kWh (2002) |
| Import | $3.759 billion (FY03-04) |
| Import | 0 cu m (2001 est.) |
| Import | NA |
| Import - towary | capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products |
| Import - partnerzy | Pakistan 25.5%, US 8.7%, Indie 8.5%, Niemcy 6.5%, Turkmenistan 5.3%, Kenia 4.7%, South Korea 4.2%, Rosja 4.2% (2004) |
| Niepodleglosc | 19 sierpien 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | NA |
| Przemysl | small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 163.07 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 167.79 deaths/1,000 live births female: 158.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
| Inflacja | 10.3% (2003) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | AsDB, CP, ECO, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO (observer), WToO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 23,860 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | the new constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed dla 10-year terms by the president z approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a Minister of Justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged z investigating human rights abuses and war crimes |
| Sila robocza | 11.8 million (2001 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture 80%, industry 10%, services 10% (2004 est.) |
| Granica | total: 5,529 km
border countries: Chiny 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tadzykistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 12.13%
permanent crops: 0.22% other: 87.65% (2001) |
| Jezyki | Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashtu (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism |
| System prawny | according to the new constitution, no law should be "contrary to Islam"; the state is obliged to create a prosperous and progressive society based on social justice, protection of human dignity, protection of human rights, realization of democracy, and to ensure national unity and equality among all ethnic groups and tribes; the state shall abide by the UN charter, international treaties, international conventions that Afganistan signed, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | nonfunctioning as of styczen 2004; government is empowered by the constitution to issue legislation by decree until the new assembly is seated; under the new constitution, the bicameral National Assembly will consist of the Wolesi Jirga or House of People (no more than 249 seats), directly elected dla a five-year term, and the Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats, one third elected from provincial councils dla a four-year term, one third elected from local district councils dla a three-year term, and one third presidential appointees dla a five-year term; the presidential appointees will include two representatives of Kuchis and two representatives of the disabled; half of the presidential appointees will be women)
note: on rare occasions the government may convene the Loya Jirga on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; it is made up of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils elections: scheduled dla spring 2005 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 42.9 years
male: 42.71 years female: 43.1 years (2005 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 36% male: 51% female: 21% (1999 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Asia |
| Morskie obszary | none (landlocked) |
| Wojsko | Afghan National Army (includes Afghan Air Force), Afghan Militia Force (AMF) (2005) |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $188.4 million (2004) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 2.6% (2004) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 19 sierpien (1919) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Afghan(s)
adjective: Afghan |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | damaging earthquakes occur w Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts |
| Surowce naturalne | natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 21.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Ludzie - uwagi | of the estimated 4 million refugees w pazdziernik 2001, 2.3 million have returned |
| Rurociagi | gas 387 km (2004) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | note - includes only political parties approved by the Ministry of Justice: Afghan Millat [Anwarul Haq AHADI]; De Afganistan De Solay Ghorzang Gond [Shahnawaz TANAI]; De Afganistan De Solay Mili Islami Gond [Shah Mahmood Polal ZAI]; Harakat-e-Islami Afganistan [Mohammad Asif MOHSINEE]; Hezb-e-Aarman-e-Mardum-e-Afganistan [Iihaj Saraj-u-din ZAFAREE]; Hezb-e-Aazadee Afganistan [Abdul MALIK]; Hezb-e-Adalat-e-Islami Afganistan [Mohammad Kabeer MARZBAN]; Hezb-e-Afganistan-e-Wahid [Mohammad Wasil RAHEEMEE]; Hezb-e-Afghan Watan Islami Gond [leader NA]; Hezb-e-Congra-e-Mili Afganistan [Latif PEDRAM]; Hezb-e-Falah-e-Mardum-e-Afganistan [Mohammad ZAREEF]; Hezb-e-Libral-e-Aazadee Khwa-e-Mardum-e-Afganistan [Ajmal SOHAIL]; Hezb-e-Hambastagee Mili Jawanan-e-Afganistan [Mohammad Jamil KARZAI]; Hezb-e-Hamnbatagee-e-Afganistan [Abdul Khaleq NEMAT]; Hezb-e-Harakat-e-Mili Wahdat-e-Afganistan [Mohammad Nadir AATASH]; Hezb-e-Harak-e-Islami Mardum-e-Afganistan [Ilhaj Said Hssain ANWARY]; Hezb-e-Ifazat Az Uqoq-e-Bashar Wa Inkishaf-e-Afganistan [Baryalai NASRATEE]; Hezb-e-Istiqlal-e-Afganistan [Dr. Gh. Farooq NIJZRABEE]; Hezb-e-Jamhoree Khwahan [Sibghatullah SANJAR]; Hezb-e-Kar Wa Tawsiha-e-Afganistan [Zulfiar OMID]; Hezb-e-Mili Afganistan [Abdul Rasheed AARYAN]; Hezb-e-Mili Wahdat-e-Aqwam-e-Islami Afganistan [Mohammad Shah KHOGYANEE]; Hezb-e-Nuhzhat-e-Mili Afganistan [Ahmad Wali MASOUD]; Hezb-e-Paiwand-e-Mili Afganistan [Said Mansoor NADIRI]; Hezb-e-Rastakhaiz-e-Islami Mardum-e-Afganistan [Said ZAHIR]; Hezb-e-Refah-e-Mardum-e-Afganistan [Mia Gul WASEEQ]; Hezb-e-Risalat-e-Mardum-e-Afganistan [Noor Aqa ROEEN]; Hezb-e-Sahadat-e-Mardum-e-Afganistan [Mohammad Zubair PAIROZ]; Hezb-e-Sahadat-e-Mili Wa Islami Afganistan [Mohammad Usman SALIGZADA]; Hezb-e-Sulh-e-Mili Islami Aqwam-e-Afganistan [Abdul Qahir SHARYATEE]; Hezb-e-Sulh Wa Wahdat-e-Mili Afganistan [Abdul Qadir IMAMEE]; Hezb-e-Tafahum-e-Wa Democracy Afganistan [Ahamad SHAHEEN]; Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Islami Afganistan [Mohammad Karim KHALILI]; Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Islami Mardum-e-Afganistan [Ustad Mohammad MOHAQQEQ]; Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Mili Afganistan [Abdul Rasheed Jalili]; Jamahat-ul-Dahwat ilal Qurhan-wa-Sunat-ul-Afganistan [Mawlawee Samiullah NAJEEBEE]; Jombesh-e Milli [Abdul Rashid DOSTAM]; Mahaz-e-Mili Islami Afganistan [Said Ahmad GAILANEE]; Majmah-e-Mili Fahaleen-e-Sulh-e-Afganistan [Shams ul Haq Noor SHAMS]; Nuhzat-e-Aazadee Wa democracy Afganistan [Abdul Raqeeb Jawid KUHISTANEE]; Nuhzat-e-Hambastagee Mili Afganistan [Peer Said Ishaq GAILANEE]; Sazman-e-Islami Afganistan-e-Jawan [Siad Jawad HUSSAINEE]; Tahreek Wahdat-e-Mili [Sultan Mahmood DHAZI] (30 Sep 2004) |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Jamiat-e Islami (Society of Islam) [former President Burhanuddin RABBANI]; Ittihad-e Islami (Islamic Union dla the Liberation of Afganistan), [Abdul Rasul SAYYAF]; there are also small monarchist, communist, and democratic groups |
| Ludnosc | 29,928,987 (lipiec 2005 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 53% (2003) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 4.77%
note: this rate does not take into consideration the recent war and its continuing impact (2005 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Kheyrabad, Shir Khan |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 21, FM 23, shortwave 1 (broadcasts w Pashtu, Afghan Persian (Dari), Urdu, and English) (2003) |
| Religie | Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1% |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: very limited telephone and telegraph service
domestic: telephone service improving z the establishment of two mobile phone operators by 2003; telephone main lines remain weak z only 0.1 line per 10 people international: country code - 93; five VSAT's installed w Kabul, Herat, Mazar-e-Sharif, Kandahar, and Jalalabad provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 33,100 (2002) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 15,000 (2002) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | at least 10 (one government-run central television station w Kabul and regional stations w nine of the 32 provinces; the regional stations operate on a reduced schedule; also, w 1997, there was a station w Mazar-e Sharif reaching four northern Afganistan provinces) (1998) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly rugged mountains; plains w north and southwest |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 6.75 children born/woman (2005 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | NA |
| Drogi wodne | 1,200 km
note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT (2004) |
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