Constitution (2007)

Constitution - select year:
- Constitution (2001) (compare)
- Constitution (2002) (compare)
- Constitution (2003) (compare)
- Constitution (2004) (compare)
- Constitution (2005) (compare)
- Constitution (2006) (compare)
- Constitution (2008) (compare)

Informations about Constitution in 2007 year

	Afghanistan	new constitution drafted 14 December 2003-4 January 2004; signed 16 January 2004
	Akrotiri	Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960
	Albania	adopted by popular referendum on 22 November 1998; promulgated 28 November 1998
	Algeria	8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996
	American Samoa	ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967
	Andorra	Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993
	Angola	adopted by People's Assembly 25 August 1992
	Anguilla	Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
	Antigua and Barbuda	1 November 1981
	Argentina	1 May 1853; amended many times starting in 1860
	Armenia	adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005
	Aruba	1 January 1986
	Australia	9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
	Austria	1920; revised 1929; reinstated 1 May 1945
	Azerbaijan	adopted 12 November 1995
	Bahamas, The	10 July 1973
	Bahrain	adopted 14 February 2002
	Bangladesh	4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amended many times
	Barbados	30 November 1966
	Belarus	15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing presidential term limits
	Belgium	7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to create a federal state
	Belize	21 September 1981
	Benin	adopted by referendum 2 December 1990
	Bermuda	8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003
	Bhutan	none; note - a draft constitution was unveiled in March 2005 and is expected to be adopted following the election of a new National Assembly in 2008
	Bolivia	2 February 1967; revised in August 1994; referendum on new constitution to be held 6 August 2007
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995 in Paris, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the entities also has its own constitution
	Botswana	March 1965, effective 30 September 1966
	Brazil	5 October 1988
	British Virgin Islands	13 June 2007
	Brunei	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
	Bulgaria	adopted 12 July 1991
	Burkina Faso	2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991 formally adopted; last amended January 2002
	Burma	3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; national convention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution but collapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not include participation of democratic opposition
	Burundi	28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum
	Cambodia	promulgated 21 September 1993
	Cameroon	20 May 1972 approved by referendum, adopted 2 June 1972; revised January 1996
	Canada	made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments
	Cape Verde	25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995 substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
	Cayman Islands	1959; revised 1962, 1972, and 1994
	Central African Republic	ratified by popular referendum 5 December 2004; effective 27 December 2004
	Chad	passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits
	Chile	11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 1989, 1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005
	China	most recent promulgation 4 December 1982
	Christmas Island	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23 November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
	Colombia	5 July 1991; amended many times
	Comoros	23 December 2001
	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	18 February 2006
	Congo, Republic of the	approved by referendum 20 January 2002
	Cook Islands	4 August 1965
	Costa Rica	7 November 1949
	Cote d'Ivoire	approved by referendum 23 July 2000
	Croatia	adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
	Cuba	24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002
	Cyprus	16 August 1960 note: from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974 Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in 1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5 May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains unrecognized by any country other than Turkey
	Czech Republic	ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993
	Denmark	5 June 1953 constitution allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state
	Dhekelia	Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960
	Djibouti	multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
	Dominica	3 November 1978
	Dominican Republic	28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002
	Ecuador	10 August 1998
	Egypt	11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980 and 25 May 2005
	El Salvador	20 December 1983
	Equatorial Guinea	approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995
	Eritrea	a transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet implemented
	Estonia	adopted 28 June 1992
	Ethiopia	ratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995
	European Union	based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the Treaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty, signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setback to the ratification process; in June 2007, the European Council agreed on a clear and concise mandate for an Intergovernmental Conference to form a political agreement and put it into legal form; this agreement, known as the Reform Treaty, is to serve as a constitution and will be presented to the European Council in October 2007, in order to begin the ratification process
	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
	Faroe Islands	5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
	Fiji	enacted on 25 July 1997 to encourage multiculturalism and make multiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998
	Finland	1 March 2000
	France	adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October 1958 note: amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 Amsterdam Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in 1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to a five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutional treaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure that the decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made by referendum
	French Polynesia	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
	Gabon	adopted 14 March 1991
	Gambia, The	approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective 16 January 1997
	Georgia	adopted 24 August 1995
	Germany	23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united Germany 3 October 1990
	Ghana	approved 28 April 1992
	Gibraltar	5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007
	Greece	11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001
	Greenland	5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
	Grenada	19 December 1973
	Guam	Organic Act of Guam, 1 August 1950
	Guatemala	31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended 25 May 1993 by former President Jorge SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993
	Guernsey	unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
	Guinea	23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
	Guinea-Bissau	16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, and in 1996
	Guyana	6 October 1980
	Haiti	approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989; constitutional government ousted in a military coup in September 1991, although in October 1991, military government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in October 1994; constitution, while technically in force between 2004-2006, was not enforced; returned to constitutional rule in May 2006
	Holy See (Vatican City)	new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
	Honduras	11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended many times
	Hong Kong	Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's National People's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"
	Hungary	18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system
	Iceland	16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times
	India	26 January 1950; amended many times
	Indonesia	August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amendments concluded in 2002
	Iran	2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership
	Iraq	ratified on 15 October 2005 (subject to review by the Constitutional Review Committee and a possible public referendum in 2007)
	Ireland	adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937
	Isle of Man	unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of 1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution
	Israel	no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law; note - since May 2003 the Constitution, Law, and Justice Committee of the Knesset has been working on a draft constitution
	Italy	passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended many times
	Jamaica	6 August 1962
	Japan	3 May 1947
	Jersey	unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
	Jordan	1 January 1952; amended many times
	Kazakhstan	first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
	Kenya	12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001; note - a new draft constitution was defeated by popular referendum in 2005
	Kiribati	12 July 1979
	Korea, North	adopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992, and September 1998
	Korea, South	17 July 1948; note - amended or rewritten nine times; current constitution approved on 29 October 1987
	Kuwait	approved and promulgated 11 November 1962
	Kyrgyzstan	adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President Askar AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February 2003 significantly expanded the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature; during large-scale demonstrations in November 2006, President BAKIYEV and the opposition negotiated a new constitution granting greater powers to the parliament and the government; amendments added on 30 December 2006 redistributed some power back to the president
	Laos	promulgated 14 August 1991
	Latvia	15 February 1922; restored to force by the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Latvia adopted by the Supreme Council on 21 August 1991; multiple amendments since
	Lebanon	23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989
	Lesotho	2 April 1993
	Liberia	6 January 1986
	Libya	none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in December 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority
	Liechtenstein	5 October 1921
	Lithuania	adopted 25 October 1992
	Luxembourg	17 October 1868; occasional revisions
	Macau	Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
	Macedonia	adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights and in 2005 with amendments related to the judiciary
	Madagascar	19 August 1992 by national referendum
	Malawi	18 May 1994
	Malaysia	31 August 1957; amended 16 September 1963
	Maldives	adopted 1 January 1998
	Mali	adopted 12 January 1992
	Malta	1964 constitution; amended many times
	Marshall Islands	1 May 1979
	Mauritania	12 July 1991
	Mauritius	12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
	Mayotte	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
	Mexico	5 February 1917
	Micronesia, Federated States of	10 May 1979
	Moldova	new constitution adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979
	Monaco	17 December 1962
	Mongolia	12 February 1992
	Montenegro	12 October 1992 (was approved by the Assembly); note - Montenegro is currently writing a new constitution set to be presented to Parliament in spring 2007
	Montserrat	effective 19 December 1989
	Morocco	10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996
	Mozambique	30 November 1990
	Namibia	ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990
	Nauru	29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
	Nepal	9 November 1990; the government began working on an interim constitution in May 2006
	Netherlands	adopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002
	Netherlands Antilles	29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended
	New Caledonia	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
	New Zealand	consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987
	Nicaragua	9 January 1987; reforms in 1995, 2000, and 2005
	Niger	new constitution adopted 18 July 1999
	Nigeria	new constitution adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999
	Niue	19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
	Norfolk Island	Norfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005
	Northern Mariana Islands	Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant Agreement fully effective 4 November 1986
	Norway	17 May 1814; amended many times
	Oman	none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens
	Pakistan	12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007
	Palau	1 January 1981
	Panama	11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004
	Papua New Guinea	16 September 1975
	Paraguay	promulgated 20 June 1992
	Peru	29 December 1993
	Philippines	2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
	Pitcairn Islands	30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964
	Poland	adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by national referendum 25 May 1997; effective 17 October 1997
	Portugal	adopted 2 April 1976; effective 25 April 1976; revised many times
	Puerto Rico	ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952
	Qatar	ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
	Romania	8 December 1991; revision effective 29 October 2003
	Russia	adopted 12 December 1993
	Rwanda	new constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003
	Saint Barthelemy	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
	Saint Helena	1 January 1989
	Saint Kitts and Nevis	19 September 1983
	Saint Lucia	22 February 1979
	Saint Martin	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	27 October 1979
	Samoa	1 January 1962
	San Marino	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
	Sao Tome and Principe	approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990
	Saudi Arabia	governed according to Islamic law; the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was promulgated by royal decree in 1992
	Senegal	adopted 7 January 2001
	Serbia	adopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006
	Seychelles	18 June 1993
	Sierra Leone	1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
	Singapore	3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)
	Slovakia	ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership
	Slovenia	adopted 23 December 1991
	Solomon Islands	7 July 1978
	Somalia	25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing
	South Africa	10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 4 February 1997; it is being implemented in phases
	Spain	approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
	Sri Lanka	adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978
	Sudan	constitution implemented on 30 June 1998, partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR; under the CPA, Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution of Southern Sudan signed December 2005
	Suriname	ratified 30 September 1987; effective 30 October 1987
	Swaziland	signed by the King in July 2005 went into effect on 8 February 2006
	Sweden	1 January 1975
	Switzerland	revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, officially entered into force 1 January 2000
	Syria	13 March 1973
	Taiwan	25 December 1947; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2005 note: constitution adopted on 25 December 1946; went into effect on 25 December 1947
	Tajikistan	6 November 1994
	Tanzania	25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
	Thailand	constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL) on 24 August 2007
	Timor-Leste	22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
	Togo	multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
	Tokelau	administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970
	Tonga	4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
	Trinidad and Tobago	1 August 1976
	Tunisia	1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002
	Turkey	7 November 1982
	Turkmenistan	adopted 18 May 1992
	Turks and Caicos Islands	Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006)
	Tuvalu	1 October 1978
	Uganda	8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removing presidential term limits and legalizing a multiparty political system
	Ukraine	adopted 28 June 1996
	United Arab Emirates	2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996
	United Kingdom	unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
	United States	17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789
	Uruguay	27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967; suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
	Uzbekistan	adopted 8 December 1992
	Vanuatu	30 July 1980
	Venezuela	30 December 1999
	Vietnam	15 April 1992
	Virgin Islands	Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954
	Wallis and Futuna	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
	Yemen	16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
	Zambia	24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits
	Zimbabwe	21 December 1979